Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic pipe for an endothermic catalytic reaction of a process medium, with an outer cladding tube which is tightly closed at its end sides by a first base and a second base. A rising pipe arrangement is arranged in the interior of the cladding tube and is connected, in the vicinity of the first base, with an outlet which is guided outward for the product resulting from the catalysis of the process medium. According to the invention, the rising pipe arrangement is formed by a plurality of line strands which end in a collector which is connected to the outlet for the product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a calcinated catalyst for converting paraffinic hydrocarbon into corresponding olefin through dehydrogenation. The catalyst is an oxidic, heat-stable carrier material and contains a catalytic active constituent, which is applied on the carrier material and has the following composition (in wt. % in relation to the entire weight of the catalyst): a) 0.2 to 2.0% of at least one element of the groups Pt and Ir and, acting as a promoter, a combination of elements from the six following groups of substances: b) 0.2 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Ge, Sn, Pb, Ga, In, Tl; c) 0.1 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; d) 0.2 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Fe, Co, Ni, Pd; e) 1.0 to 5.0% P; f) 0.2 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra and lanthanides and g) 0.1 to 2.0% Cl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel catalyst and process using the novel catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation and cracking of C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins (homogeneous hydrocarbons or mixtures such as liquified gas to C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor. The novel catalyst has the following formulaX.sub.a Y.sub.b Z.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.x,where, referring to the Periodic System,X is an element of Group II and/or IV b (Mg, Ca, Za, Ti, Zr . . . )Y is a Lanthanide and/or an element of Group IVa or Va (Ce, La, Nd, Dy, Sn, Pr, Sb, Pb . . . );Z is an element of Group I (Li, Na, K . . . );A is an element of Group VII (Cl, Br, I . . . );O is oxygen; anda is 0.4 to 0.9,b is 0.005 to 0.3,c is 0.05 to 1.5,d is 0.05 to 0.8, andx is determined by the valance requirements of metals and halogens.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of synthesis gas (CO and H.sub.2) by reaction of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 and/or other light hydrocarbons, having a support material with at least 80 wt. % ZrO.sub.2 of oxides selected from the group of Y, La, Al, Ca, Ce and Si, as well as of a coating with metals of Group VIII which is applied physically by adsorption.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for indirectly transferring heat to a flowing process medium, in particular for carrying out hydrocarbon steam reformation. The arrangement comprises a heating chamber (1), which can be heated from above by burners (2) arranged in a plurality of rows and through which run, on vertical longitudinal planes, a plurality of rows of heat exchanger tubes (3) through which the process medium flows. The combustion waste gases of the burners (2) ?are extracted through! waste gas ducts (4), which are made of refractory-grade material and arranged on the bottom of the heating chamber (1) parallel to one another and to the rows of the heat exchanger tubes (3) and have a substantially rectangular cross-section that is constant in the axial direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for oxidizing an aqueous medium, which contains organic and/or oxidizable inorganic substances, at an increased temperature and an increased pressure for reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the aqueous medium to a predetermined desired level. The aqueous medium is introduced into a tubular reactor with an oxygen-containing medium. The tubular reactor contains a mechanism for dispersing bubbles of gaseous oxygen. The reactor contains sections through which the mixture of aqueous medium and oxygen containing medium serially flows. A degree of back-mixing in any one of the sections is equal to or less than the degree of back-mixing of an upstream section and the farthest downstream section has a smaller degree of back-mixing than the farthest upstream section.

Abstract: The invention relates to the protection of tubular reactors or heat exchangers against coke formation in plants for converting hydrocarbons and other organic compounds at high temperatures in the gaseous phase. The problem in such plants is that the usual steam/air cleaning processes for removing coke deposits lead to an increase in the catalytic activity of the material surfaces, which in turn shortens the service life of the plants. The object of the invention is to substantially reduce coking and to maintain the long-term passivity of steels for long operational periods.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing heat to a reaction chamber in which an endothermic reaction is performed under utilization of hot smoke gas includes a barrier, preferably a tubular barrier at least partially enclosing the reaction chamber but being spaced therefrom; hot smoke gas is fed to a ring chamber outside of the barrier and caused to flow there along while losing some of its heat content until at a lower end of the barrier the flow of the cooled smoke gas is reversed and the gas is introduced into a gap between the barrier and the reaction chamber so that heat is transferred through the barrier from the hot smoke gas as it flows along the outside of the barrier to the gas as it flows in the gap for heating the reaction chamber in an essentially uniform manner.

Abstract: A stream of process gas is indirectly heated in an elongated reaction chamber (1) with a longitudinal axis, a first end (12) and a second end (13) and defined by an outside shell (2) and a thermally conductive inner wall (4). The inner wall defines at least one recess or cavity (3) which extends substantially between the first and second end of the chamber and parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof. A process feed line (6) and a product-gas discharge line (7) are provided at opposite ends (12, 13) of the chamber. A heat conductive and heat resistant barrier (8) which defines an interior space extends coaxially with the recess or cavity (3) substantially along the entire length of the inner wall (4) and forms an annular space (9) therewith. A hot flue gas feed line (10) and a flue gas discharge line (11) is provided at one end (13) of the chamber.