Abstract: A water-absorbing rubber composition comprising (A) a 1,3-diene rubber with a crystal or glass region content as measured at an ordinary temperature of 5-50% and (B) a highly water-absorbing resin dispersed in the said rubber, the said highly water-absorbing resin being a product of crosslinking of a polymer which contains as monomer component thereof at least 40 mole percent of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated compound containing 1 or 2 groups each selected from the class consisting of a carboxyl group and a group convertible to a carboxyl group with at least one crosslinking agent selected from the class consisting of a polyfunctional epoxy compound and a polyamine, the resin being in the form of a powder capable of passing through a 20-mesh Tyler screen and absorbing 20-500 times its own weight of distilled water. The composition can absorb water rapidly and produce a high swelling pressure, and has good durability in the swollen state.

Abstract: n-Octanol is obtained by (i) reacting butadiene with water in a solution containing water, a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt of a monodentate tertiary amine, and sulpholane in the presence of a palladium compound and a hydrophilic monodentate phosphine, to form 2,7-octadien-1-ol; (ii) extracting 2,7-octadien-1-ol from at least part of the reaction mixture obtained in step (i) with a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, a monoolefinic hydrocarbon or an alicyclic hydrocarbon, and recycling the extraction residue to the 2,7-octadien-1-ol synthesis step (i); (iii) subjecting the extract layer containing 2,7-octadien-1-ol as obtained in step (ii) to distillation to distill off a large proportion of the extracting solvent therefrom, followed by distillation in the presence of water, whereby the extracting solvent remaining is distilled off in the form of an azeotropic mixture with water, to obtain a distillation residue; (iv) recovering 2,7-octadien-1-ol from the distillation residue obtained in step (iii) by distill

Abstract: A gas sensor which includes a reference electrode deposited on the surface of a pH-sensitive transducer having a gate-insulated field-effect transistor (FET) structure and adjacent a gate region of the FET, the transducer and reference electrode being housed in a flexible tube so that the gate region of the FET is located in an opening provided at the front end of or on the side wall of the tube. Lead wires connected to the FET and to the reference electrode extend along the tube. Between the inner wall of the tube and lead-wire FET bonding part is placed electrical insulation resin filling to stop the tube. A hydrophilic polymer layer containing electrolyte is provided which at least extends over both the FET gate region and a part of the reference electrode. A gas permeable membrane is laid over the polymer layer.

Abstract: There is provided an aqueous dispersion type vibration-damping coating composition containing, as essential components thereof, (a) a polyvinyl acetate emulsion, (b) a polyethylene in finely divided particulate or emulsion state and (c) a flaky inorganic powder. When this composition is applied to the surface of a structural member which could be source of noise or vibrations, the coating composition displays a high vibration-damping effect over a broad temperature range from low to high temperatures and is excellent in resistance to water, heat and weathering.

Abstract: A highly absorbent resin which is essentially a polyamine-crosslinked, partial neutralization product obtained by reaction of an alkali metal hydroxide with a carboxyl-containing polymer selected from the froup consisting of alpha-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers, vinyl compound-maleic anhydride copolymers, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof, the degree of neutralization of the said neutralization product being 0.4 to 0.8 equivalent of total carboxyl groups of the said carboxyl-containing polymer, the amount of polyamine as a crosslinking agent being not more than 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the neutralization product on the uncrosslinked basis, the resin being capable of absorbing at least 20 times its own weight of distilled water. The resin has good resistance to heat and good durability in the hydrous condition.

Abstract: A cement composition which comprises a filler, a binder to be used in admixture with the filler, and a curing agent for polymerizing the binder, which is characterized by that the binder comprises, based on the total weight of the binder, 20-100% by weight of (A) a free-radical polymerizable monomer of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X is an organic residue having 1-48 carbon atoms, and 0-80% by weight of (B) a mono-, di- or tri-functional free-radical polymerizable monomer which is copolymerizable with the above monomer (A) is disclosed. By using the above binder, the filler is firmly bonded with each other and gives a cured product having high compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The cement composition is especially useful as dental restorative materials.

Abstract: An adhesive cementing agent is provided for the hard tissues of the human body, which contains a phosphoric or phosphonic acid ester compound containing at least one polymerizable functional group and either a group of the formula ##STR1## or a group of the formula ##STR2## or a high molecular weight compound obtainable by polymerizing the compound either alone or as a comonomer unit. This adhesive cementing agent has a high affinity for the tooth, bone and other hard tissues of the human body and enjoys prolonged stability in wet environments.

Abstract: A polyurethane composition comprising a polyurethane and at least one dye selected from the group consisting of metal complex dyes, vat dyes, sulfur dyes and acid dyes. The polyurethane is synthesized by the reaction of a polymeric diol containing a polyoxyethylene chain as a minor proportion, an alicyclic diisocyanate, an alicyclic diamine and hydrazine in particular proportions. This polyurethane composition is little susceptible to deterioration by light and is suitable for use as a component of artificial leather or as a coating material for fabrics.

Abstract: A process for preparing n-octadienol comprising the steps of:(i) reacting butadiene with water in an aqueous sulfolane solution having a water/sulfolane weight ratio in the range of 20/80 to 70/30 and containing carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions in the presence of (A) palladium or a palladium compound, (B) a monodentate phosphine of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.

Abstract: A caries detector, comprising a solution of a dye selected from the group consisting of Phloxine B (CI 45410), Phloxine BK (the corresponding dipotassium salt of CI 45410), Acid Red (CI 45100), Fast Acid Magenta (CI 17200), Fast Green FCF (CI 42053) and Rhodamine B (CI 45170) in a solvent.

Abstract: A cement composition which comprises a filler, a binder to be used in admixture with the filler, and a curing agent for polymerizing the binder, which is characterized by that the binder comprises, based on the total weight of the binder, 20-100% by weight of (A) a free-radical polymerizable monomer of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X is an organic residue having 1-48 carbon atoms, and 0-80% by weight of (B) a mono-, di- or tri-functional free-radical polymerizable monomer which is copolymerizable with the above monomer (A) is disclosed. By using the above binder, the filler is firmly bonded with each other and gives a cured product having high compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The cement composition is especially useful as dental restorative materials.

Abstract: Laminated structures consisting of two or more adherend members selected from a variety of materials such as metals and plastics bonded together with adhesive layers of hot melt adhesive of a polyester made from terephthalic acid or a dicarboxylic acid mixture containing at least 85 mole % of terephthalic acid, 0.65 to 0.97 mole per mole of terephthalic acid or dicarboxylic acid mixture of 1,4-butanediol or a polymethylene glycol mixture containing at least 80 mole % of 1,4-butanediol and 0.03 to 0.

Abstract: There is provided an aqueous dispersion type vibration-damping coating composition containing, as essential components thereof, (a) a polyvinyl acetate emulsion, (b) a polyethylene in finely divided particulate or emulsion state and (c) a flaky inorganic powder. When this composition is applied to the surface of a structural member which could be source of noise or vibrations, the coating composition displays a high vibration-damping effect over a broad temperature range from low to high temperatures and is excellent in resistance to water, heat and weathering.

Abstract: A water-soluble cationic copolymer and methods for producing the same is disclosed which comprises comonomer units respectively represented by the formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or lower alkyl; B is ##STR2## R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently lower alkyl or lower alkyl which contain a substituent; X is an anion capable of forming a salt with the ammonium nitrogen; and A is a group which links the nitrogen atom in B to the amide nitrogen atom.These copolymers are used in preparing paper strength additives.

Abstract: A small-sized plate type fluid treatment apparatus for filtration and separation of fluid, transferring substances between fluids through membranes or passing specific substances contained in the fluid through membranes. Said apparatus consists of a plurality of stacked membrane arrangements which comprises membrane support-plates, each being molded in thickness of 1.2 mm or less by means of embossing or press work, and a single membrane interposed between said membrane support-plates. The membrane support-plate composing the membrane arrangements of this apparatus is so designed that the 1st fluid is fed into the space defined by the 1st membrane support-plate and the membrane, and the 2nd fluid is fed into the space defined by the 2nd membrane support-plate and the foresaid membrane, with no abruptly narrowed passage for fluid. Therefore, even when as thin a membrane support-plate as 1.2 mm or less in thickness is used, residence of bubbles is prevented in the fluid in the performance of the apparatus.

Abstract: Cationic emulsions are obtained by the emulsion polymerization or copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as vinyl acetate, etc. in the presence of a cationic group-modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Typical cationic group-modified PVA are the modified PVA's which contain a copolymeric unit having one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or lower alkyl; B is ##STR2## R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each lower alkyl (substituted or unsubstituted) and X is an anion forming a salt with the ammonium N; and A is an inert bivalent organic group linking the N atom in B to the N atom in the amide group; ##STR3## wherein, in formulas (II) and (III), R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each H, lower alkyl or phenyl; R.sup.8 is lower alkyl; and Y is an anion forming a salt with the imidazolinium N atom. Particularly desirable are the cationic group-modified PVA's containing the copolymeric unit (I) wherein A is ##STR4## R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: An ethylene-vinylalcohol copolymer film is prepared by biaxially or multiaxially stretching a nonstretched ethylene-vinylalcohol polymer film having a moisture content of not more than 3.5%, said ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer having an ethylene content of 20 to 55 mole % and a saponification degree of not less than 96 mole % and said stretching being conducted within a temperature range of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. to such an extent that the film is expanded to an area 4 to 20 times the original area.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive composition based on liquid rubber, a cross-linking agent therefor and a tackifier, in which the liquid rubber component is a modified low molecular weight polyisoprene which is obtainable by adding 0.03 to 7 mol % of maleic anhydride or a derivative thereof, based on each isoprene monomer unit, to a low molecular weight polyisoprene having a molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 90,000 is useful in producing a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition having very desirable tackiness, cohesive force and bonding characteristics without use of an organic solvent or with use of only a small amount of the solvent.

Abstract: An adhesive composition is provided for the hard tissues of the human body which comprises (1) a radical-polymerizable monomer and a curing system comprising (2) a peroxide, (3) an amine (or its salt) and (4) a salt of a sulfinic acid. The composition is available in two independent packages, one of which contains (1) and (2) the other package (3) and (4). Alternatively, one package contains (1) and (3) the other package (2) and (4).

Abstract: A suede woven fabric comprises a warp yarn selected from the group consisting of polyester textured yarn, polyester filament yarn and polyester spun yarn, and a weft yarn of polyester island filaments whose mean thicknesses in denier are within the range from 0.05 to 0.50 and whose degree of variation of thickness is 15 to 60%; wherein a portion of said island filaments on at least one surface of the fabric is raised to form piles of individual island monofilaments whose mean lengths are from 0.5 to 4.0mm; wherein the number of floating points on said weft yarn, whose number of floats in within the range of 3 to 11, is 100 to 500/cm.sup.2 of woven fabric, and wherein the relation between the shear stiffness G.sub.0.5 at a shear angle of 0.5.degree. and the stiffness G.sub.5 at a shear angle of 5.degree., represented by G.sub.5 /G.sub.0.5, is 1.5 to 15.