Abstract: An infrared imaging lens system comprises, in order from an object side, a first lens formed of silicon whose minimum transmittance of infrared rays with a wavelength of 8 ?m to 13 ?m is at least 40% for a thickness of 1 mm, and a second lens formed of chalcogenide glass. The silicon whose minimum transmittance of infrared rays with a wavelength of 8 ?m to 13 ?m is at least 40% for a thickness of 1 mm can be obtained at low cost for example by controlling the oxygen concentration in CZ method.

Abstract: A technique using a trocar including a retractable camera in which fogging and organic matters are removed to clean a lens of the camera. The trocar includes a pipe portion and a head portion. The pipe portion includes a side opening portion. According to rotation of a changing over mechanism and a shaft, the retractable camera rotates such that the camera is changeable between a stored position and a deployed position by passing through the side opening portion. A wiper blade is fixed to an end face of the side opening portion on a tip side of the trocar. When the retractable camera rotates, a tip of the wiper blade contacts a camera lens in a deformable manner.

Abstract: A light reflector which can be manufactured easily by using a plastic base material that is light weight and low cost and has high reflectivity, and a method for manufacturing the same. The light reflector comprises a plastic base material 50 of which thermal deformation temperature is 130° C. or higher, and a reflecting film 52 containing silver and formed on the surface of the base material, wherein said plastic base material 50 is a molded article of thermosetting resin and the reflecting film has a smooth surface with PV (peak-to-valley) roughness of 0.5 ?m or less without sharp protrusions and reflectivity of the reflecting film is 96% or more.

Abstract: An illuminating device according to the present invention comprises a first reflector for irradiating forward light beams from a light source, a second reflector that has an aperture and is disposed in front of the first reflector so as to reflect toward the light source the light beams from the first reflector to condense the light beams, a third reflector disposed so as to make the light beams condensed by the second reflector exit through the aperture, and a reflector moving means that moves the second reflector or the third reflector along an optical axis.

Abstract: The metal film of the present invention is a dense film of a single crystal that has very low surface roughness and very good crystal orientation because an arithmetic mean roughness of the surface is not larger than 2 nm and a (111) peak intensity of X-ray diffraction is not less than 20 times the sum of all other peaks. Also the metal oxide film of the present invention is a dense film that includes less oxygen defects and almost no voids therein because a content of a non-oxidized metal is not higher than 1 mole % of a metal component that constitutes the metal oxide and a packing density is 0.98 or higher.

Abstract: The metal film of the present invention is a dense film of a single crystal that has very low surface roughness and very good crystal orientation because an arithmetic mean roughness of the surface is not larger than 2 nm and a (111) peak intensity of X-ray diffraction is not less than 20 times the sum of all other peaks. Also the metal oxide film of the present invention is a dense film that includes less oxygen defects and almost no voids therein because a content of a non-oxidized metal is not higher than 1 mole % of a metal component that constitutes the metal oxide and a packing density is 0.98 or higher.