Abstract: [Object] To provide a calculation method and calculation device for an average sublimation interface temperature, bottom part temperature, and sublimation rate of the whole to-be-dried material introduced into a drying chamber of a freeze-drying device without contaminating or collapsing the to-be-dried material. [Solution] The present invention is applied to a freeze-drying device that includes a drying chamber DC, a cold trap CT, vacuum adjustment means for adjusting the degree of the vacuum in the drying chamber DC, and a control device CR for automatically controlling the operations of the above elements.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a calculation method and calculation device for an average sublimation interface temperature, bottom part temperature, and sublimation rate of the whole to-be-dried material introduced into a drying chamber of a freeze-drying device without contaminating or collapsing the to-be-dried material. [Solution] The present invention is applied to a freeze-drying device that includes a drying chamber DC, a cold trap CT, vacuum adjustment means for adjusting the degree of the vacuum in the drying chamber DC, and a control device CR for automatically controlling the operations of the above elements.

Abstract: A process is provided for freeze-drying medicaments and foodstuffs comprising dissolving the foodstuffs or medicaments in a solvent, introducing the solution formed into a shell comprising a desiccating chamber of a shell-tube freeze-drying device to cause the solution to freeze in a tubular layer, and crushing and comminuting the freeze-dried liquid with a comminuting device to obtain a powder product.

Abstract: A material blending tank 1 is formed in a pressure-resistant, and tightly closable vessel, in its inner cavity, into which predetermined quantities of starting materials are charged, followed by hermetically sealing the tank; a material adjusting tank 2 is formed in a large size, into which a predetermined quantity of solvent is filled so as to be able to pump out from its bottom part by means of a pump P; the pump P functioning to pressure-feeding the solvent pumped out of the material adjusting tank 2 into the inner cavity of the material blending tank 1 through its bottom side. In the course of the pressure-feeding of the solvent, when the air within the material blending tank 1 is compressed to a high pressure level, the operation of the pump P is stopped and the solvent which has been pressure-fed into the material blending tank 1 is subjected to reverse flow through the inner cavity of the pump P into the material adjusting tank 2 by the pressure of the air compressed in the material blending tank 1.

Abstract: Refrigerant cooling coils inserted within a passage of brine in a heat exchanger are so deformed into a shape of flat elliptical cylinder that long axis of ellipse is parallel to a condensing surface, and a side or two sides of a pair of flat faces formed by deformation machining are fitted within the passage, closely contacted with an inner wall of the passage of the brine, in order to increase the contact surface between the refrigerant cooling ellipse coils and the inner wall of the passage of brine in the vapor trap plate and in order to enhance boundary film convection heat transfer coefficient of the brine circulated in the passage of said heat exchanger so as to provide excellent heat transfer property and great vapor condensing capability.

Abstract: A freeze drying apparatus comprises a heat-transfer medium container having heat-transfer medium inlet/outlet pipes, a plurality of tubes extending through the heat-transfer medium container from its lower plate to upper plate, a lower space formed beneath the heat-transfer medium container and being in communication with the tubes and a product liquid inlet/outlet conduit, an openable bottom lid defining the bottom of the lower space, an upper space formed above the upper plate of the heat-transfer medium container, a trap chamber being in communication with the upper space, pressure regulation lid means operable to airtightly cover part of the tubes at their upper ends, and a pressure regulation conduit with pressure regulation valve operable to regulate pressure in the tubes covered with the pressure regulation lid means.

Abstract: In the freeze drying method of the present invention, a predetermined amount of water is poured on the refrigerating/heating surface provided in the drying chamber, which surface is cooled to a temperature below 0.degree. C., so that an ice film is formed on the refrigerating/heating surface. After that, while the thus formed ice film is kept at a temperature below 0.degree. C., a liquid material is supplied to the surface of the ice film so that a frozen layer of the liquid material is formed on the surface of the ice film. Under such circumstances, a vacuum is produced in the drying chamber to conduct the freeze drying operation of the frozen material in a vacuum environment.

Abstract: In this vacuum apparatus with a vacuum chamber and a vapor condenser installed therein, a refrigerant and a brine are supplied into said vapor condenser to thereby effect heat exchanges between both mediums and between both or either one of said mediums and a vapor to be generated.

Abstract: In this vacuum apparatus with a vacuum chamber and a vapor condenser installed therein, a refrigerant and a brine are supplied into said vapor condenser to thereby effect heat exchanges between both mediums and between both or either one of said mediums and a vapor to be generated.