Abstract: The Joule-Thomson cooler comprises a low-pressure circuit (2) in a spiral, flat, cylindrical or conical shape, formed in a block (1) of insulating material, and a high-pressure circuit comprising at least one, typically two, branches (4a, 4b) communicating with a central expansion orifice (6) , each branch itself being wound into a helical spiral, the two branches being produced in the form of cylindrical spirals of opposite hand so that they can nestle together in the duct (2) . The cooler is particularly applicable to photodetector devices with infrared-sensitive elements (9).

Abstract: In an integrated power generation system, part of the air from a gas turbine compressor is separated in a single nitrogen wash column to remove oxygen and the gaseous nitrogen produced at the top of the column is sent back to a point upstream of the expander of the gas turbine. The wash column may be fed with liquid nitrogen from an independent air separation unit in which air is separated. Liquid from the bottom of the wash column may be fed back to the air separation unit.

Abstract: In this method of constructing a composite structure with an internal structure surrounded by an external structure, plural composite modules are constructed by joining, for each of the modules, a section (1) of the internal structure to a corresponding section (5) of the external structure. The modules are joined together on site in order to form the composite structure.

Abstract: Combustion assembly adapted to be placed in a wall of a furnace including an axis having at least one pair of burners with axes, one oxidant lance arranged between the burners of the pair and having a lance axis and a source of oxidant connected to the burners and to the lance.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant gas cylinder and gas delivery system includes an electroless nickel-phosphorous layer overlying the inner surface of a steel alloy cylinder. The nickel-phosphorous layer has a thickness of at least about 20 micrometers and a porosity of no greater than about 0.1%. The electroless nickel-phosphorous layer has a phosphorous content of at least about 10% by weight and a surface roughness of no greater than about 5 micrometers. Prior to introducing liquefied gas into the gas cylinder, a cleaning process is carried out using a two-step baking process to clean the surface of the nickel-phosphorus layer. The nickel-phosphorous layer substantially reduces the contamination of liquefied corrosive gasses stored in the gas cylinder by metal from the steel wall surface underlying the nickel-phosphorous layer.

Abstract: Process for separating air by cryogenic distillation and apparatus including a high pressure column, an intermediate pressure column, a low pressure column having a bottom reboiler and an argon column having a top condenser, a conduit for sending air to the high pressure column, a conduit for sending at least part of a first oxygen enriched liquid from the high pressure column to the intermediate pressure column, a conduit for sending a second oxygen enriched fluid from the bottom of the intermediate pressure column to the low pressure column, a conduit for sending a second nitrogen enriched fluid from the top of the intermediate pressure column to the low pressure column or to a top condenser of the argon column, a conduit for sending a heating gas to the bottom reboiler of the low pressure column, a conduit for removing a third oxygen enriched fluid from the low pressure column, a conduit for sending a nitrogen enriched liquid from the high pressure column to the low pressure column, a conduit for sending a

Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion process for burning a fuel, in which the point of injection of each main oxidizer jet (7, 8) with respect to the point of injection of a fuel jet (4) closest to it is arranged a distance D away satisfying the following relation: D A > 5 ⁢   ⁢ and / or ⁢   ⁢ D B > 5 D being the minimum distance between the outer edge of the relevant oxidizer jet (7, 8) and the outer edge of the fuel jet (4) closest to it, at their respective points of injection, A and B being, respectively, the cross section of the main jet (7, 8) of the oxidizer and the cross section of the fuel jet, considered at their respective points of injection.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering a gas using a semipermeable membrane in an apparatus having a simple structure. The method is capable of maintaining a purity of a product gas at a constant value even if a feed amount of a feed stream is fluctuated. A feed stream G1 is a gas mixture of a fast gas having a relatively high permeability to a membrane 1 and a slow gas having a relatively low permeability to the membrane 1. The feed stream G1 is pressurized by a compressor 3 and fed to a membrane 1 separation unit 2 having the membrane 1. Part G7 of the permeate stream on the permeate side of the membrane 1 is recirculated to the upstream side of the compressor 3 through the first recirculation line 17 and merged into a stream of the feed stream G1. Simultaneously, another part of the permeate stream G2 on the permeate side of the membrane 1 is recovered through a product gas recovering line 5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner including an injector one end zone (33) of which can be taken to high temperatures during operation of the burner. This end zone is made of an alloy comprising between 16 and 22% by weight of Cr, between 3 and 6% by weight of Al, between 0.1 and 1.0% by weight of Ti, between 0.1 and 1.0% by weight of Y2O3, and between 70 and 80% by weight of Fe. The burner can be used in a furnace in the glassmaking industry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas leakage detecting apparatus capable of detecting a gas leak in a cylinder cabinet with accuracy. The gas leakage detecting apparatus comprises a first air take-out pipe for taking out air from the inside of an exhaust duct of a cylinder cabinet and leading the same air to a gas sensor; a second air take-out pipe for taking out air at a given position in said cylinder cabinet and leading the same air to said gas sensor; a first shut-off valve and a second shut-off valve respectively provided on the respective air take-out pipes so that air from these air take-out pipes is selectively led to said gas sensor; and a control means for controlling the opening and closing operation of these shut-off valves. Owing to this construction, one is able to monitor the location of the gas leak upon taking out air from the cylinder cabinet through the second air take-out pipe.

Abstract: An installation for exchanging gas cylinders includes an enclosed space preferably with controlled access, at least a couple of stations, one for depositing an article to be exchanged and the other for collecting an article to be taken away, each station having a device for retaining the article that can be switched between an open configuration and a locked configuration, the retaining devices of the two stations being coupled such that the locking of one retaining device around an article to be deposited in the deposit station authorizes at least temporarily the opening of the retaining device of an article to be taken away for its removal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for combustion of a fuel with an oxygen-rich oxidant, in a combustion chamber (3), in which, cyclically: at least one principal variable representing the combustion in the said combustion chamber (3) is measured, and, as a function of the result of the measurement of the at least one principal variable, a control instruction for regulating the flowrates of fuel and oxidant to be injected into the combustion chamber (3) is determined. Then the regulating control instruction is applied in order to make the fuel burn with the oxidant in the chamber (3). Additionally at least one secondary variable associated with an operational constraint of the combustion chamber (3) or with a perturbation in the operation of the latter is measured, and for the determination of regulating control instruction, the measurement result of the at least one secondary variable is also taken into account. The invention is useful in glass furnaces, rotary furnaces, and incineration furnaces.

Abstract: Provided are a process and apparatus for purifying a gas. In accordance with the process, the gas to be purified flows through a hollow dielectric tube. An electric field is created in the gas to be purified by a traveling electromagnetic wave which travels in the dielectric tube and creates, in the gas, an atmospheric-pressure plasma which is not in local thermodynamic equilibrium, for the purpose of dissociating impurities in the gas to form reactive compounds. The formed reactive compounds are reacted with a corresponding reactive material for eliminating the reactive compounds from the gas to be purified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the combustion of a fuel in a burner (1) of the type comprising at least one injector (2), which injector includes at least an inner first oxidizer feed passage (8), an intermediate fuel feed passage (9) externally surrounding the first oxidizer feed passage, and an outer second oxidizer feed passage (10) externally surrounding the fuel feed passage. The fuel feed passage (9) is supplied so that the velocity of the fuel exiting this passage is between approximately 1 and 15 m/s. Application to the supply of heat in processes for the production of materials.

Abstract: In this condenser in which the fluid as it condenses flows downward, in cross section, that part of the outlet box (18) which lies between its lowermost point (28) and the point (31) of a liquid-outlet pipe (30; 35) connected to this box, lies completely at a level that is lower than the level of the lowermost point (A) of the distributor corrugation (13). Application to the main vaporizer-condensers of double air-distillation columns.

Abstract: A system for supplying electrical energy to an electrical apparatus includes devices for generating electrical energy for ensuring the supply of the electrical apparatus, and compensating devices for compensating for disturbances in the supply to the apparatus including a compensation device with an active element for storing active electrical energy, adapted to exchange the active energy with the electrical apparatus upon the appearance of a disturbance.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the preparation of an ultrapure hydrogen peroxide solution. The process comprises at least one sequence which includes passing a solution to be purified successively through at least one bed of anion-exchange adsorbents (AEA) and at least one bed of cation-exchange adsorbents (CEA). A non-zero proportion of the solution exiting from one of the beds is recycled to a point upstream of the one bed or upstream of a preceding bed or upstream of the first bed of the first of the at least one sequence. Also provided is a plant for the implementation of the inventive process.

Abstract: The products (1) pass from a charging end (2) to a discharging end (3); at the discharging end side, the furnace exhibits a heating zone (4) equipped with air/fuel burners (41), possibly doped with oxygen, and, on the charging end side, exhibits a flue-gas recuperation or drainage zone (5) in which the flue gases are removed. At least one fuel body in the gaseous state is incorporated into the flue gases, and oxygen is introduced upstream of that possibly doped air/fuel burner (41) which is situated furthest upstream when referring to the direction of travel of the products (1), so as to burn the gaseous fuel body and thus raise the temperature in the recuperation zone (5). Possible use for heating steel-making products prior to rolling.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the preparation of an ultrapure hydrogen peroxide solution. The process includes at least one sequence which includes successively passing a solution to be purified through at least one bed of cation-exchange adsorbents (CEA) and at least one bed of anion-exchange adsorbents (AEA). The beds of adsorbents each exhibit a height to diameter ratio of greater than 3. Also provided is a plant for the implementation of the inventive process.

Abstract: In this air distillation plant (1) comprising a double column and a mixing column (5), the medium-pressure column (2), the low-pressure column (3) and the mixing column (5) are placed one on top of another, forming a single erected structure. Application to the supply of impure oxygen for the iron and steel industry.