Abstract: The process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons and more particularly of petrolatum of similar raw material having a high content in microcrystalline waxes comprises introducing a molecular oxygen-containing gas into melted petrolatum in the presence of a usual oxidation catalyst and in the presence of water, which is used in an amount comprised between about 1% and 25%, based on the weight of petrolatum.The acid products resulting from this oxidation reaction and their calcium soaps are anti-rust compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the continuous production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene, comprising the steps of oxidizing p-xylene in a first oxidation zone in the presence of not more than about 10 weight % of water and a cobalt/manganese catalyst up to a conversion of about 15% terephthalic acid; oxidizing the partially-oxidized compounds in a second oxidation zone in the presence of an additional amount of water up to about 20 to 70% by weight and in the presence of an additional amount of the catalyst up to a conversion of about 50% by weight terephthalic acid; stripping p-xylene vapors from the second oxidation zone; separating crystals of crude terephthalic acid from the effluent from the second oxidation zone from the soluble components of the effluent; countercurrently washing the separated crystals with fresh water to produce a slurry; recycling a part of soluble components to the second oxidation zone, and another part of the first oxidation zone to provide the latter with heavy metal catalyst; and

Abstract: A process for purifying crude terephthalic acid is disclosed which comprises treating a solution of crude terephthalic acid in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble heavy metal salt wherein the heavy metal is cobalt, manganese, iron or nickel under elevated pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of a supported noble metal catalyst with nitrogen gas or a gas-mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. The treated solution is then separated from the catalyst and purified crystalline terephthalic acid is recovered by crystallization and separation from the mother liquor wherein impurities and the heavy metal salts are retained. The process is especially useful for directly treating crude terephthalic acid obtained in an oxidation process in the presence of a heavy-metal-salt-catalyst.

Abstract: A continuous process for preparing rubber reinforced resins which are copolymers of styrenic compound, acrylonitrile and diolefinic compound.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing terephthalic acid by oxidizing p-xylene which comprises contacting a substantially liquid mixture of p-xylene with p-toluic acid and water wherein the molar ratio of p-toluic acid to p-xylene is between about 0.01 and about 100 and the molar ratio of water to p-toluic acid is between about 0.4 and about 60, with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Process for producing isophthalic acid by direct oxidation of m-toluic acid or a mixture of m-toluic acid with m-xylene and partially oxidized intermediates under mild conditions without the presence of consumable organic solvents or corrosive bromine promoters comprising forming a homogeneous, aqueous mixture of said substrate containing from 10 to 80 weight percent water and an active catalyst comprising a manganese compound or a mixture of a maganese compound and a cobalt compound, the minimum concentration (M) of catalyst in said mixture in millimoles per kilogram of mixture being given by the equation ##EQU1## wherein x is the mole fraction of maganese in the catalyst, y is the mole ratio of water to m-toluic acid and z is the ratio of dissolved isophthalic acid to m-toluic acid, the maximum concentration of catalyst being not more than about 40 millimoles catalyst per kilogram of mixture and reacting said substrate with a molecular oxygen-containing gas at a temperature from about 140.degree. to 220.

Abstract: A process for preparing terephthalic acid is disclosed which comprises the steps of oxidizing a substantially homogenous liquid reaction mixture, comprising p-toluic acid, optionally in admixture with p-xylene and partially oxidized p-cylene derivatives, an amount of between 5% and 80% by weight of water, and an oxidation catalyst comprising a catalytically-active metal compound such as manganese compounds, cobalt compounds or mixtures thereof, with an oxygen-containing gas. At least a minimum amount of M millimoles of the catalytically-active metal compound per kg of the liquid reaction mixture is used, wherein M is defined by the following equation (1) ##EQU1## wherein y represents the molar ratio of water/p-toluic acid in the reaction mixture,x represents the molar ratio of manganese/total amount of manganese + cobalt in the catalyst composition Mn/(Mn+Co),A equals about 0.200,B equals about 10.9,C equals about 4.35; andD equals about 0.0724.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing rubber reinforced styrenic resins which are composite systems containing a copolymer of styrene and unsaturated nitrile together with copolymers of acrylates and conjugated diolefins.

Abstract: A nitrogen-containing nickel catalyst adapted for catalyzing partial and selective hydrogenation of natural oils is disclosed, which comprises nickel and such an amount of a nitrogen-containing basic compound which is equivalent to from about 5 to about 40 atoms of nitrogen per 100 atoms of nickel.The catalyst is effective in catalyzing the partial hydrogenation of natural oils in such a manner that poly-unsaturated compounds are selectively hydrogenated and the formation of saturated compounds, transisomers, and conjugated dienes is limited and liquid hydrogenation products can be obtained. The catalyst is prepared by treating a nickel catalyst with the nitrogen-containing compound at elevated temperatures optionally under hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of ABS resins comprising the steps of (a) imbibing a stabilized latex of a rubbery polymer with styrene in an amount of about 1.5 and 15 parts by weight per 100 parts of dry latex and with acrylonitrile in an amount of about 5 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts of dry latex; (b) introducing the imbibed latex into a polymerization vessel; (c) introducing into the polymerization vessel a mixture of styrene, acrylonitrile and a free radical initiator; (d) introducing a polymerization activator into the polymerization vessel; (e) polymerization the styrene and acrylonitrile in the polymerization vessel in the presence of the latex, whereby an ABS graft copolymer is produced; and (f) withdrawing the ABS polymer from the polymerization vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed are surface-active compositions for dispersing or collecting oil slicks on water or for protecting or cleaning beaches, which compositions comprise(a) a mixture of surface-active compounds comprising at least one solid compound and at least one liquid compound, and(b) a mixture of solvents comprising a glycol ether and at least one n-paraffin having from about 10 to 16 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for partially and selectively hydrogenating a natural oil is disclosed which comprises the step of treating said natural oil in the presence of a nickel catalyst and such an amount of an organic nitrogen-containing basic compound which is equivalent to from about 5 to about 40 atoms of nitrogen per 100 atoms of nickel with hydrogen. By this process, liquid hydrogenation products are obtained and the formation of trans-isomers and/or conjugated dienes and/or saturated compounds is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A composition obtained by mixing polystyrene with a master-batch composition containing a mixture of a vinyl aromatic polymer, a rubbery dienic polymer and a sequenced copolymer of styrene and diene, the total styrene polymer content of this master-batch composition including both the free polystyrene and the polystyrene present in the sequenced copolymer, being between 50 and 80% by weight of the composition, the total rubber content of this master-batch composition, including both the rubbery dienic polymer and the dienic polymer present in the sequenced copolymer being between 20 and 50% by weight of the composition, the sequenced copolymer content being such that it introduces from 3 to 90% by weight of the total rubber in the composition, the total percent rubber content of said master-batch composition being at least 1.5 times the total percent rubber content of the final composition.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating polymers which are derived from olefin units containing 4 carbon atoms is disclosed whereby white oils which exhibit a low iodine value (e.g., below 0.26) are obtained under relatively mild reaction conditions. The hydrogenation is effected in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum on an alumina support exhibiting a total pore volume of at least 0.25 ml/g of which about 90 to 98% are provided by pores the mean size of which is below 100A.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the organic carbon content of raw mineral materials, e.g., raw rocks, sediments and the like, is disclosed which comprises pyrolyzing a sample of raw material which is previously crushed at a temperature of between 400.degree. and 1,000.degree. C, analyzing the pyrolysis gases by gas chromatography, and determining the benzene content of the pyrolysis gases. By determining the benzene content of pyrolysis products from raw materials with a known organic carbon content, the relationship between these two values at a given pyrolysis temperature is determined prior to the analysis of unknown material. An apparatus for effecting this determination method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating polymers which are derived from olefin units containing 4 carbon atoms is disclosed whereby white oils which exhibit a low iodine value (e.g., below 0.26) are obtained under relatively mild reaction conditions. The hydrogenation is effected in the presence of a catalyst comprising palladium on a bimodal alumina support ehibiting a total pore volume of at least 0.25 ml/g of which 35 to 50% are provided by small pores the mean size of which is below 300A and 25 to 35% are provided by large pores the mean size of which is above 300A and is at least 1.5 times the mean size of the small pores.

Abstract: A high molecular weight polymer characterized by chains of benzene rings comprising alternatively di-substituted rings and tri-substituted rings, wherein the di-substituted rings comprise a major part of 1,3 (meta)- and a minor part of 1,4 (para)- di-substituted rings, and the tri-substituted rings are members of the group consisting of 1,3,5-, 1,2,4- and mixtures of 1,3,5- and 1,2,4- tri-substituted rings, these tri-substituted rings being substituted by 1 to 3 chains of benzene rings, each of the other substituents being a benzene ring which is unsubstituted or is substituted by a radical of the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and halogen radicals.

Abstract: A lubricating grease comprised of 2 to 8% by weight of an aluminum fatty acid soap, 25 to 98% by weight of a polymer of hydrogenated polyisobutylene having a mean molecular weight ranging from 300 to 2500, 0.2% polyisobutylene having a mean molecular weight higher than 100,000 and about 2 to 58% of lubricating oil.

Abstract: A lubricating grease comprised of 2 to 8% by weight of an aluminium fatty acid soap, 25 to 98% by weight of a polymer of a non hydrogenated polyisobutylene having a mean molecular weight ranging from 300 to 2500, 0.2% polyisobutylene having a mean molecular weight higher than 100,000, and about 2 to 58% of lubricating oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an aqueous solution of an acrylamide polymer having an average molecular weight of from about 800,000 to 2,000,000 and having a viscosity between about 2,000 and 8,000 centipoise (at 25.degree. C), comprising the steps of first initiating the polymerization of an aqueous solution of acrylamide-based monomer in the presence of a free-radical catalyst and an amine reducing agent and then adjusting the pH of the solution to a value between about 3 and 6.