Abstract: A method of generating an authentication for updating a mobile communications device's 40 location to a second communications device 60 is disclosed herein. The mobile communications device 40 is registered to a home network 30 comprising a proxy server but roams to a foreign network 40 with a different network number. The method proposes that, at the time of performing the location update, the second communications device and the proxy server each provides an input to a hash function to generate a shared secret; and using the shared secret as the authentication when the proxy server or the mobile communications device transmits the location update to the second communications device.

Abstract: A recognition process for handwritten characters, including generating sub-segments representing at least one character stroke, the sub-segments each having a boundary enclosing the at least one stroke of the sub-segment, merging the sub-segments when the distance between centroids of the sub-segments are less than a predetermined threshold, and generating segments representing possible characters from the sub-segments.