Abstract: Small granule starches are subjected to partial hydrolysis with alpha-amylase or glucoamylase to produce a novel granular starch composition having an enzymatically hydrolyzed surface appearing diffuse and substantially non-porous under microscopic examination and exhibiting crystallinity characteristic of the corresponding native starch granules. The partially hydrolyzed granular starch exhibits fat mimic characteristics for use in reduced calorie processed foods.

Abstract: Small granule starch having a mean granule size of less than about 5 microns is substituted for binder excipients in tabletting compositions or the talc or granular starch ingredients of art recognized cosmetic/dusting powder compositions to provide improved compositions. Small granular starch is used as a binder with an orally active ingredient and other optional excipients to provide a tabletting mixture which can be compressed into tablets having excellent hardness and favorable disintegration characteristics. The use of small granule starches as a substitute for art-recognized starch and/or talc carriers in cosmetic/body powders provide compositions with enhanced coverage and a softer feel when applied to the skin.

Abstract: A cellulase hydrolysate of tamarind polysaccharide is utilized as a substitute for a portion of metabolizable carbohydrates in processed foods to prepare reduced-calorie versions of said process foods having excellent organoleptic quality. The tamarind hydrolysate comprises DP 7 oligosaccharides, more typically, DP 7 and DP 9 oligosaccharides. The tamarind hydrolysate can be further processed utilizing yeast digestion and/or membrane filtration to remove monosaccharides and low DP (DP.ltoreq.6) oligosaccharides from the hydrolysate composition.

Abstract: An assembly for producing heat/mechanical energy by combustion of sugar includes a combustion chamber and a means for fluidizing sugar. Fluidized sugar is injected into the combustion chamber, optionally in combination with a hydrocarbon fuel and ignited. The combustion gas energy can be recovered as usable mechanical energy using conventional piston crank shaft or turbine asssemblies. Exhaust gases have reduced levels of noxious pollutants relative to exhaust gases from internal combustion engines not burning sugar fuels.

Abstract: A cellulase hydrolysate of tamarind polysaccharide is utilized as a substitute for a portion of metabolizable carbohydrates in processed foods to prepare reduced-calorie versions of said process foods having excellent organoleptic quality. The tamarind hydrolysate comprises DP 7 oligosaccharides, more typically, DP 7 and DP 9 oligosaccharides. The tamarind hydrolysate can be further processed utilizing yeast digestion and/or membrane filtration to remove monosaccharides and low DP (DP.ltoreq.6) oligosaccharides from the hydrolysate composition.

Abstract: Amylase treated granular starches provide a microporous matrix material adapted for absorption and releasable containment of functional compositions. The microporous starch granules are chemically derivatized to enhance absorptive and structural properties. Absorbed functional substances are released from the microporous starch matrix under the influence of mechanical compression, by diffusion into a surrounding fluid or as a result of degradation of the granular starch matrix.