Abstract: An intelligent nitrogen-oxygen sensor and a detection method thereof are disclosed. The sensor includes an induction chip. The induction chip includes a substrate unit, a printing function unit and a closed structural unit. The substrate unit includes an upper zirconia substrate (1), a middle zirconia substrate (2) and a lower zirconia substrate (3). The printing function unit includes a common external electrode (11), a main pump internal electrode (12), an auxiliary pump internal electrode (13), a mixed potential sensitive electrode (31), a measurement pump internal electrode (32), a reference air electrode (33), a first insulation coating layer (41), a second insulation coating layer (42), a heating circuit (43) and eight electrode contact points. The closed structural unit includes a first measurement cavity (21), a second measurement cavity (22) and a reference air passage (23).

Abstract: A coil device includes a bobbin including a hollow cylindrical portion and first and second flanges disposed at ends of the hollow cylindrical portion, and having a first partition located between the first and second flange and a second partition located between the first partition and second flange; the first winding wound around the outer periphery of the hollow cylindrical portion between first partition and the first flange; the second winding wound around the outer peripheral surface of the hollow cylindrical portion between the first partition and the second flange, and wound around both sides of the second partition according to a predetermined position. The coil device can wind the winding wire of the second winding at a predetermined position, thereby reinforcing the secondary side magnetic coupling while controlling or reducing the leakage inductance manufacturing error between the primary and secondary side due to difference in the secondary side winding.

Abstract: A coil device includes a bobbin including a hollow cylindrical portion and first and second flanges disposed at ends of the hollow cylindrical portion, and having a first partition located between the first and second flange and a second partition located between the first partition and second flange; the first winding wound around the outer periphery of the hollow cylindrical portion between first partition and the first flange; the second winding wound around the outer peripheral surface of the hollow cylindrical portion between the first partition and the second flange, and wound around both sides of the second partition according to a predetermined position. The coil device can wind the winding wire of the second winding at a predetermined position, thereby reinforcing the secondary side magnetic coupling while controlling or reducing the leakage inductance manufacturing error between the primary and secondary side due to difference in the secondary side winding.

Abstract: A vehicle safety sensor system (VSSS) includes driver-side and passenger-side sensor means. The VSSS implements multiple safety functions as forward collision warning (or avoidance) and side/rear object detection. Subsystems of both sensor means are placed in the location normally occupied by side-view mirrors providing the driver an unobstructed view of both sensor means.

Abstract: Adaptive control method for regulating the output voltage or current of converters by causing the input current of the converter to be directly proportional to its output current (or respectively its output voltage) and inversely proportional its input voltage. In cases where the input voltage varies slowly or it is constant, the inverse proportionality to the input voltage may be omitted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for sensing the output current of a power source by averaging and summing instantaneous current signals generated by current sense devices installed in converters fed by the said power source.

Abstract: A method and system for providing synchronous rectification in power converters that includes controlling turnoff of a synchronous rectifier according to a timing signal representative of the switching time of a switch that is coupled to input of the power converter. Such a timing signal may be obtained directly or indirectly in various ways; for example, by sensing the voltage across the primary switch, or by sensing the drive voltage of the primary switch. Additional alternatives in an isolated converter having a transformer with a primary winding that is selectively coupled to the electrical power source includes sensing the primary winding voltage, for example, by directly sensing the primary voltage or by sensing the voltage across an auxiliary winding that is closely coupled to the primary winding.

Abstract: A power converter apparatus includes an input port and an output port. First and second inductors are coupled to the output port. A first switching circuit is coupled to the input port and the first inductor. The first switching circuit is operative to repetitively perform a cycle including a first state in which the first switching circuit couples the first inductor to the input port such that energy is transferred from the input port to the first inductor, a second state in which the first switching circuit short circuits the first inductor, and a third state in which the first switching circuit decouples the first inductor such that energy is transferred from the first inductor to the output port. A second switching circuit is coupled to the input port and the second inductor and implements a similar cycle. The second switching circuit may operate such that the first and second states of the second switching circuit substantially coincide with the third state of the first switching circuit.

Abstract: A power converter apparatus includes a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a switching circuit operative to couple and decouple the primary winding of the transformer to a power source, and a control circuit that controls the switching circuit. A feedback circuit is coupled to the output port of a power transfer network and to the control circuit. The feedback circuit generates a current responsive to an output voltage at an output port of a power transfer network, charges a capacitance responsive to the generated current, and intermittently discharges the capacitance responsive to a control signal generated by the control circuit. A modulator circuit is coupled to the feedback circuit and to the power transfer network, and selectively couples the secondary winding of the transformer to an input port of the power transfer network responsive to a voltage on the capacitance. The invention may be embodied as apparatus or methods.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus, e.g., a DC-to-DC converter, includes a transformer having primary and secondary windings. A first switching circuit has an input port configured to be coupled across a DC power source and an output port coupled to the primary winding of the transformer. A switch control circuit is operatively associated with the switching circuit and causes the switching circuit to alternately apply first and second polarity voltages to the primary winding. A second switching circuit is operative to transfer energy to a load from the secondary winding via a first capacitor responsive to application of the first polarity voltage to the primary winding and to transfer energy to the load from the secondary winding via a second capacitor responsive to application of the second polarity voltage to the primary winding. The first switching circuit may be operated such that switches therein may be operated under reduced current and/or reduced voltage conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a surface mount power supply device having effective thermal management. The surface mount power supply device comprises a printed circuit board mounted to a thermal plastic lead frame attach by means of vertically-extending aluminum pins embedded in the lead frame attach. A cylindrical member is centered within the lead frame attach by means of inwardly protruding arms transversely connected to the lead frame attach to allow for a pick-and-place operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power supply device having an electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) suppression circuit connected to the input terminals. The EMI suppression circuit is mounted within the power supply device to ensure a low-impedance path to ground. Furthermore, the EMI suppression circuit can be quickly, easily and safely disconnected from ground without opening the power supply device.

Abstract: An antenna, particularly adapted to produce a scanning beam usable for radar and communication applications, includes a frame. Attached to the frame is a reciprocating device that is operatively connected to a reflecting conductor. Spaced by a uniform gap from the conductor is an elongated dielectric waveguide carried on a conductive layer of a laminate supported by the frame on an input side of the antenna. The waveguide covers a set of spaced apart apertures in the laminate conductive layer. Joined to the laminate conductive layer on an opposite output side of the antenna is a dielectric layer. On an outer surface of the laminate dielectric layer is a set of spaced apart conductive patches that align with the laminate conductive layer apertures. During operation of the antennas an electromagnetic wave is transmitted through the waveguide to pass through the laminate apertures and energizes the patches.

Abstract: A series resonant circuit converts a DC input to an AC output. The circuit includes first and second series circuits connected across the DC input, but in opposite polarities. Each series circuit includes a switch, a transformer primary and a capacitor. Also within each series circuit, a diode is connected across the combination of the switch and transformer primary to provide limiting. The transformer primaries are connected together so that the switches are effectively in series. Singular and multiple transformer cores may be used in connection with singular and multiple secondaries to provide the AC output.

Abstract: A circuit used to convert a DC input to an AC output includes a pair of series circuits. Each of the series circuits is in parallel with the DC input and includes a switch and a transformer primary. A capacitor couples the two series circuits, and is attached to each series circuit at a node between the respective transformer primary and switch. A secondary on the transformer provides the AC output. Optionally, multiple transformers may be utilized. Similar topologies may be used for rectification instead of inversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a surface mount power supply device having effective thermal management. The surface mount power supply device comprises a printed circuit board mounted to a thermal plastic lead frame attach by means of vertically-extending aluminum pins embedded in the lead frame attach. A cylindrical member is centered within the lead frame attach by means of inwardly protruding arms transversely connected to the lead frame attach to allow for a pick-and-place operation.

Abstract: A power converter circuit emulates the functioning of the satuarable reactor therein using a solid state switch in connection with a control circuit. The power converter circuit includes a voltage source and an output. A switch having a control input and current carrying terminals couples the voltage source to the output. An integrator is connected across the current carrying terminals of the switch. A current source is coupled to the integrator. A comparator couples an output of the integrator to the control input of the switch. The comparator turns on the switch when said output of said integrator exceeds a threshold voltage.

Abstract: A switch mode power converter having an overload protection system is disclosed. The system includes an input stage having an input voltage source. A switching circuit for coupling said input source to an output stage is provided. The output stage further includes a first filter circuit providing an output current to a load circuit. A second filter circuit is coupled to the output stage providing a voltage proportional to the output current and to internal temperature of the switch mode converter. An error amplifier responsive to the voltage derived by a second filter and a reference voltage, generates an error signal proportional to the difference of the voltage applied to the error amplifier. The error signal adjusts the operating parameters of the switching circuit.

Abstract: Adaptive control of converters is provided to achieve, in one case, a constant current characteristic by controlling input power as a function of the ratio of output voltage to output current. In another class of circuits, input current to the converter is controlled under an adaptive control arrangement in response to output voltage/output current ratios which may also be modified by input current or input voltage. The adaptive control may be augmented with low frequency negative feedback control loops.

Abstract: A DC converter system for providing an output voltage to a load, employing a pulse width modulated switching is disclosed. The system includes a DC input voltage source and a control switch having an ON period and an OFF period. The control switch during the ON period conducts a current responsive to the voltage source. A controller is provided to vary the ON period and the OFF period of the switch, such that the ON period is inversely proportional to the voltage source and the OFF period is inversely proportional to the output voltage.