Abstract: An electronic monitoring system provides an actual value sensor which detects an actual value of a component to be monitored, e.g., the rotational speed of a drive motor, and emits actual value signals, a signal path along which actual value signals are transmitted, and an evaluating unit connected to the signal path. The signal path is divided into two separate but parallel signal paths along which the actual value signals emitted by the actual value sensor are processed differently. For example, the actual value signals emitted by the actual value sensor may undergo digital signal processing along one path and analog signal processing along the other path. The actual value signals transmitted along the two paths are received by the evaluating unit which compares the signals and initiates appropriate steps if there are deviations between the two sets of actual value signals.

Abstract: In a method for payment for services and/or goods, an apparatus with a data terminal device for reading and changing an amount value in a credit balance carrier and a security module provided with a first memory area and a second memory area is used, which is connected to the data terminal device via a communications channel. In a first transaction a usable amount is transferred from the credit balance carrier to the first memory area. During the purchase of the service and/or goods, a running cost amount for the service and/or goods, in a second transaction an unused amount is transferred from the first memory area to the credit balance carrier. In a third transaction the difference between the usable amount and the unused amount is transferred from the first memory area to the second memory area.

Abstract: A balanced wire resistor has two interconnected windings with different temperature coefficients. The electrical resistance of the wire resistor is determined only by the resistance values of the two windings. In a process for the production of the wire resistor, the wire length of a first winding of the newly to be wound wire resistance is calculated by using the measured wire length, as well as measured resistance values of the previously wound wire resistor. The wire length of a second winding of the newly to be wound wire resistance is determined by using the two measured wire lengths of the two windings, as well as measured resistance values of the previously wound wire resistor.

Abstract: In order to provide a dependable check on the reliable functioning of contacts of switches or relays which control a control device, to ascertain whether they occupy the desired rest contact position and/or have a sufficiently high mains voltage, the rest contacts of the two switches can be connected in parallel by way of a respective electrical resistor to a pole of the voltage source and both resistors can be connected in series to a charging capacitor which, upon the attainment of a given electrical charge or voltage (threshold voltage) activates the control device and in particular feeds a threshold switch or itself serves as such.

Abstract: A simplified and economical power supply for redundant computer systems of control systems is disclosed. These control systems may include burner control for furnaces. The safety and reliability of the system are increased. The power supply comprises one single common voltage supply in the form of a self-monitoring power pack unit SN having a power pack NT, an undervoltage monitor UW and an overvoltage monitor. The self-monitoring power pack unit communicates with the redundant computer units P1, P2 via a supply line 1e. This single self-monitoring power pack unit is used according to the invention instead of the known fully parallel two-channel operation with two computer units and two power packs with appertaining components and supply lines. The overvoltage monitor UW and the undervoltage monitor UW are preferably checked for operability through the periodic transmission of a test signal.

Abstract: A device for detecting attempts at fraud by connection of an electric feed line (13) to an apparatus for reading and writing on a chip card (3) essentially comprises a resonance unit (6) coupled to a contacting element (2) of the apparatus, and a measuring device (7). In the resonance unit (6) a generator (4) which is coupled to a resonator (1) by way of an impedance converter (5) generates a standing wave. The feed line (13) disturbs the properties of the resonator (1), that being detected by the measuring device (7) and evaluated.

Abstract: A hysteresis coupling comprising a magnetic cylinder (1) made of a permanent-magnetic material and a thrust ring (4) made of a hysteresis material. The thrust ring (4) is fixedly connected to a thrust ring holder (5) and separated from the magnetic cylinder (1) by an air gap (3). The hysteresis coupling transmits the torque from a drive (7) to a pinion (9) which is part of the thrust ring holder (5). The thrust ring (4) is surrounded on its outside by non-magnetic material of high density in order to increase the moment of inertia (5) for noise reduction.

Abstract: An automatic furnace comprises an actuator for an electric igniter. The electric igniter has a distinctly lower standard voltage, e.g., 120 V, than the network voltage, e.g., 230 V and is operated by the network voltage. The network voltage is fed into the power regulator before the igniter. The power regulator clocks the network voltage with an adjustable keying ratio, so that only part of the full wave trains of the network voltage becomes active at the electric igniter. In an advantageous embodiment, the keying ratio is variegated by the actual level of the network voltage.

Abstract: An inductive coin detector to recognize the presence of coins (2) in a coin channel (1) uses a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. The detector is equipped with a flat coil (3) located outside the coin channel (1). A high-frequency alternating magnetic field produced by the rail (3) penetrates the coin channel (1) at a right angle to the coin movement direction (13). The coil (3) consists at least of a flat helicoidal conductor arrangement and is part of the LC oscillator. The oscillator circuit, together with a measuring circuit, constitutes a detector circuit (4) for the recognition of a change in oscillator frequency caused by the presence of the coin (2). The coil (3) and the detector circuit (4) are located on a common support in immediate proximity of each other and can be enclosed in a flat housing. The coin detector can be connected by means of a three-strand line comprising a feeder (7) and a signalling line (9).

Abstract: A device for detecting attempts at fraud by connection of an electric feed line (13) to an apparatus for reading and writing on a chip card (3) essentially comprises a resonance unit (6) coupled to a contacting element (2) of the apparatus, and a measuring device (7). In the resonance unit (6) a generator (4) which is coupled to a resonator (1) by way of an impedance converter (5) generates a standing wave. The feed line (13) disturbs the properties of the resonator (1), that being detected by the measuring device (7) and evaluated.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a photo diode having a first electrically isolated portion of an epitaxial layer of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type disposed therein, a second semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type disposed in the first semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type disposed in the second semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A carrier for display fields or value characters, such as a credit card, contains optically readable display fields which can be erased by the effects of heat or which can at least be changed permanently in optical terms, and a storage layer for storing energy for the purpose of producing the thermal energy required for the heating effect at the location of the display field to be erased. In this way, the energy stored in the storage layer, which energy corresponds to at least the erase energy required, is released by the supply of an initial energy which is less than the erase energy. If a photoconductive layer is used additionally, the reading light beam can also serve to produce a local electrical current I in the region of the display field to be erased, wherein the current I produces sufficient thermal energy in the form of initial energy to set in notion the reaction process in the storage layer and to release the thermal energy stored therein.