Abstract: A method of chlorinating vinylidene chloride contained in a solution 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane to provide a chlorinated compound having a boiling point different from the 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane to permit separation therefrom, the method comprising providing a solution containing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and vinylidene chloride; and contacting said solution with chlorine and an alumina catalyst to effect chlorination of said vinylidene chloride to produce a chlorinated compound having a boiling point different than said 1,1 dichloro-1-fluoroethane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas permeable, sensible and latent heat exchange media having a multiplicity of passageways therethrough through which an air stream can flow, the sensible and latent heat exchange media. The heat exchange media comprises a fibrous support material, a finely powdered desiccant material and fire retardant contained in the fibrous support material. The fibrous support material and the fire retardant are capable of adsorbing sensible heat from a warm air stream and releasing the absorbed sensible heat into a cool air stream as the air stream flows through the sensible and latent heat exchange media. The desiccant material is capable of adsorbing moisture from a humid air stream flowing through the sensible and latent heat exchange media and capable of releasing the adsorbed moisture into a dry air stream flowing through the passageways of the sensible and latent heat exchange media.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in prilling whereby water is atomized into a prill tower to affect faster solidification of the prill, and in particular, the outside surface of the prill by providing an increased rate of surface cooling while reducing the required air flows in the tower. This results in a major reduction in air pollution potential in the form of both fume and particulate while at the same time allowing substantial production rate increases. Specifically, the invention relates to quick freezing the outside surface of the prill by flash evaporation of finely atomized water particles on the surface of the prill or in extremely close proximity to the prill to greatly lower the vapor pressure at the prill's surface and by continued flash evaporation to enhance cooling so as to allow upward flowing air to be reduced to a point where micro-prills which are formed in prilling can settle in the prill tower while obtaining the same or increased production rates.

Abstract: A more efficient reaction mechanism is provided for producing 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) by reacting vinylidene chloride with hydrogen fluoride in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst and a sulfone solvent or a nitroalkane or nitroarene solvent. In particular, by using a titanium tetrafluoride catalyst in conjunction with tetramethylene sulfone solvent, most all the vinylidene chloride reagent can be converted to HCFC-141b to the virtual exclusion of unwanted, closely associated byproducts like 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane (HCFC-142b) and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), while reducing the production of tars to a minimum.

Abstract: An extruder for converting pressurized liquid CO.sub.2 feed into dry ice pellets of predetermined shape and size, wherein the CO.sub.2 snow formation, CO.sub.2 snow compaction, and dry ice pellet extrusion phases occur simultaneously to achieve production rates on the order of 700-1000 lbs/hr. The compacted CO.sub.2 snow may be in the form of a solid cartridge or irregularly shaped solids, and such compacted particles may constitute an end product by themselves. The increased production rates are also achieved by enhanced removal of CO.sub.2 gas from the CO.sub.2 snow formation chamber, and use of a bidirectional internal regeneration cylinder to provide compactive force. The extruder is portable, since it only weighs approximately 1000 lbs., can be powered with a non-stationary energy source, and may be used to remanufacture partially sublimated dry ice solids into extruded dry ice pellets of a predetermined shape and size.

Abstract: An amplified mixer-blower device for discharging a feed material at high velocity and enhanced volume using a venturi transport principle. Preferably, carbon dioxide vapor is used as a means for propelling the feed material which may have a different phase of the same composition of the propulsive gas, or constitute an entirely different material. The apparatus is suitable for a number of applications such as neutralizing airborne ammonia vapor or droplets, extinguishing a flammable liquid, and conveying solid materials.