Abstract: A double-layered electrode layer is formed on a substrate according to a process in which lower and upper electrode layer forming materials are deposited on a substrate in this order, then a lower photoresist pattern is formed on the upper electrode layer forming material. Next, the lower and upper electrode layer forming materials are isotropically etched to obtain lower and upper electrode layers, after which the upper electrode layer is anisotropically etched such that a width of the upper electrode layer becomes less than that of the lower electrode layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel having a display area, a light source joined with the liquid crystal panel, a first frame coupled to a surface of the light unit and sides of the liquid crystal panel, a second frame coupled to edges of the liquid crystal panel and sides of the first support frame, an outer casing, and a fastening part joining together the first support frame, the second support frame, and the outer casing through the sides of the first support frame, the second support frame, and the outer casing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel having a display area, a light source joined with the liquid crystal panel, a first frame coupled to a surface of the light unit and sides of the liquid crystal panel, a second frame coupled to edges of the liquid crystal panel and sides of the first support frame, an outer casing, and a fastening part joining together the first support frame, the second support frame, and the outer casing through the sides of the first support frame, the second support frame, and the outer casing.

Abstract: A propulsion device comprises a circular series of inclined airfoil elements. Each airfoil element is connected along its lower side to a rigid plate member, which is adapted to be rotated at high speed via a motor output shaft. The airfoil elements are oriented on the plate such that their vacuum-inducing surfaces face upwardly and inwardly of the circular series, and their pressure surfaces face downwardly and outwardly of the circular series.

Abstract: A propulsion device comprises a circular series of inclined airfoil elements. Each airfoil element is connected along its upper side to a rigid plate member, which is adapted to be rotated at high speed via a motor output shaft. The airfoil elements are oriented on the plate such that their vacuum-inducing surfaces face upwardly and outwardly of the circular series, and their pressure surfaces face downwardly and inwardly of the circular series.

Abstract: A vacuum pump, denoted "VUMP", comprises a pair of nested conical or bell-shaped housings, wherein at least the outer bell-shaped housing forms a part of the pump chamber and has a central inlet. The impeller structure of the pump comprises a circular series of airfoil elements so disposed as to at least partially occupy the annular space defined by the nested conical or bell-shaped members. The airfoil elements each have a vacuum surface directed axially of the impeller towards the central pump inlet. Fluid conveyed through the pump is introduced to the central inlet and directed peripherally of the pump chamber by the inner conical member. Rotation of the circular series of airfoil elements produces a strong vacuum force within the pump that serves to impel fluid through the pump by volumetric displacement.