Abstract: The present invention provides an agent that increases the expression of BAD, for use in the treatment of cancer in conjunction with a chemotherapeutic agent wherein the agent is selected from the list consisting of 6-?-naltrexol, naloxone, methyl naltrexone, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring the treatment of a subject undergoing therapy with an active that is naltrexone or a metabolite or analogue thereof, comprising: measuring the gene expression profile of any of the genes listed in Table 1 or Table 2, in a sample of CD3+ cells obtained from the subject undergoing treatment; wherein if the expression of any of the genes in Table 1 is increased compared to a control, or if any of the genes listed in Table 2 is decreased compared to a control the active is being administered at an effective level.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the finding that the inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells by cannabinoids is brought about more effectively by combined treatment with low dose naltrexone (LDN) or 6-?-naltrexone (6BN), a metabolite of naltrexone. There is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising naltrexone or a metabolite thereof or an analogue thereof, for use in the treatment of cancer within a subject, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of the naltrexone or metabolite thereof or analogue of either is to be administered to the subject in a first treatment phase, wherein after the first treatment phase the subject is to be administered a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid in a second treatment phase.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of treating a tumor/cancer by administering naltrexone or an analogue thereof, followed by a recovery phase, and then administering a small molecule signaling inhibitor such as PI3-kinase inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, taxanes, antimetabolites, alkylating agents and/or cell cycle inhibitors. The disclosure also provides diagnostic methods for assessing a therapeutic response to the methods of treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to naltrexone or an analogue thereof, wherein the analogue is methylnaltrexone, naloxone, nalmefene and nalorphine and vitamin D or an active metabolite, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either for separate, sequential or simultaneous administration, for use in the therapy of an autoimmune disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel therapeutic applications of low dose naltrexone (LDN). Said applications have been determined in light of the discovery by the present inventors that naltrexone acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor which elicits the production of inflammatory cytokines when agonised. Chronic inflammation and TLR9 overexpression are characteristics of a number of disorders, including certain cancers. Accordingly, the present invention provides novel uses of naltrexone in the treatment of a subject having a disorder characterised by TLR9 overexpression and/or overactivity of TLR9-mediated signalling. The present invention also provides novel uses of naltrexone in the supportive care of subject having a tumour/cancer, and methods of treating and providing supportive care to a subject, comprising the administration of naltrexone.

Abstract: It has been found by the present inventors that agents that boost the expression of the opioid receptor kappa 1 (OPRK1) can enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in multiple cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the effect is dose dependent, where the greater the induced expression of OPRK1, the greater the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent. The increase in overall cytotoxicity is independent of the cytotoxicity of the agent that increases the expression of OPRK1, which itself has no or minimal cytotoxic effect.

Abstract: The invention is based on the finding that co-administration of 6-?-naltrexol alongside vitamin D together with a chemotherapeutic agent, results in a further reduction in lung cancer cell growth. The combination of 6-?-naltrexol with vitamin D results in a greater decrease in the growth of cancer cells compared to the sum of the effects of each agent when administered in isolation.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel therapeutic applications of low dose naltrexone (LDN). Said applications have been determined in light of the discovery by the present inventors that naltrexone acts as an antagonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor which elicits the production of inflammatory cytokines when agonized. Chronic inflammation and TLR9 overexpression are characteristics of a number of disorders, including certain cancers. Accordingly, the present invention provides novel uses of naltrexone in the treatment of a subject having a disorder characterised by TLR9 overexpression and/or overactivity of TLR9-mediated signalling. The present invention also provides novel uses of naltrexone in the supportive care of subject having a tumour/cancer, and methods of treating and providing supportive care to a subject, comprising the administration of naltrexone.