Abstract: A method for imparting to an article or product antimicrobial activity includes a step of applying an antimicrobial agent containing an antimicrobial polyaminosilane to the article or product. The antimicrobial polyaminosilane is prepared by subjecting an aminosilane monomer to a hydrolysis and condensation reaction. The antimicrobial polyaminosilane thus prepared is free of halide ions.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes: a substrate having an inner surface; at least one first electrode layer formed on the inner surface; at least one second electrode layer formed on the inner surface and spaced apart from the first electrode layer; and an electrochromic unit formed on the first and second electrode layers and including an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte layer that is in contact with the electrochromic layer. When a potential is applied between the first and second electrode layers, the electrochromic layer can undergo chemical reduction or oxidation reactions and change color.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes: a first electrode unit including a first electrode layer, a plurality of spaced apart metal lines that are formed on the first electrode layer, and a plurality of insulator strips that cover the metal lines, respectively; a second electrode unit spaced apart from the first electrode unit and including a second electrode layer; and an electrochromic unit sandwiched between the first and second electrode units and including an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte layer. The electrochromic layer is formed on the first electrode layer. The electrolyte layer is disposed between the electrochromic layer and the second electrode layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes: a substrate having an inner surface; at least one first electrode layer formed on the inner surface; at least one second electrode layer formed on the inner surface and spaced apart from the first electrode layer; and an electrochromic unit formed on the first and second electrode layers and including an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte layer that is in contact with the electrochromic layer. When a potential is applied between the first and second electrode layers, the electrochromic layer can undergo chemical reduction or oxidation reactions and change color.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes: a first electrode unit including a first electrode layer, a plurality of spaced apart metal lines that are formed on the first electrode layer, and a plurality of insulator strips that cover the metal lines, respectively; a second electrode unit spaced apart from the first electrode unit and including a second electrode layer; and an electrochromic unit sandwiched between the first and second electrode units and including an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte layer. The electrochromic layer is formed on the first electrode layer. The electrolyte layer is disposed between the electrochromic layer and the second electrode layer.