Abstract: A method for determining a position of a microscope (1) in space is disclosed. In image detecting unit (3) is fixed to the microscope. In an operating state, the image detecting unit detects a field of view of the microscope from an angle to an optical axis (2) and is connected to a computer which is equipped with an image recognition program and with comparison data for determination of the position of the microscope with respect to the field of view.

Abstract: An arrangement for determining the position of a surgical microscope uses signal transmitters and signal receivers. Light emitting diodes that emit coded light signals and light receptors for receiving the coded light signals are arranged in various locations in space. Reflectors having narrow-bond reflection characteristics are arranged on the microscope so that the light reflected can be identified.

Abstract: A switchable illumination system for a surgical microscope in eye surgery, which is provided with a light source, a collector lens system, a radiant field stop, optical deflecting elements, further lenses and a main objective. The radiant field stop is projected via the deflecting elements and the further lenses through the main objective onto the patient's eye to be viewed in the object plane. In the illumination beam there is provided a switching mechanism whereby the lamp filament of the light source is projected via the optical deflecting elements and the main objective onto the patient's eye to be viewed in the object planes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining measurement-point position data and a device for measuring the magnification of an optical beam path. In the method described, a laser beam is inserted via an insertion element (32a) into the beam path of a microscope. At the end of this beam path, a beam splitter (4c) splits the laser beam off again and directs it on to a position sensor (45a). The point at which the measurement beam is incident depends on the magnification of the beam path optics (8, 13). The final value of the magnification can thus be simply determined. The value of the magnification is important for the user in order to enable the user to make a definite assessment of the area observed. Also described are various related developments and details of the invention.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has light beams of two separate radiation paths passing through two partial pupils directed into a common lens system by at least two mirrors arranged on the level of the pupils. The partial beams are superimposed with the partial pupils spatially separated at the level of the pupils. A separating device with at least one movable diaphragm or at least one tilted mirror, stationary or adjustable along a common axis, provides undistorted images from both partial beams toward at least one image pick-up device. The movable diaphragm shields the partial beams alternately at the level of one of the pupils or the tilted mirror is arranged at the level of the pupils so that both partial beams can be retransmitted separately.

Abstract: A method for flicker-free display of a stereo image using video techniques and digital processing, as well as a device for carrying out the method, provides enhanced image resolution and greater clarity by displaying progressively scanned frames twice within a frame period on a display. In a variant, the recording or storing of images on conventional recording media is facilitated by virtue of the fact that a half-image detection procedure is carried out before and/or after recording, thus determining the association of frames concerned with corresponding frames in a left-hand or right-hand channel or the association with each other of two frames in parallel channels.

Abstract: A microscope (23A) has a sensor or eye pupil tracking device (3A) and preferably a device for representing symbols of control elements by means of which various functions or accessories of the microscope may be actuated by eye movements.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a surgical microscope in which, to determine the distance between the microscope (8, 13) and the object (22), the travel time of a beam of light (57c) emanating from the microscope and reflected by the object is determined. The travel time is determined by phase measurement or by interference matching. In the case of direct phase measurement, modulated light is used. In the case of interference matching, partly coherent light is used. In order to ensure high accuracy over wide measurement range, the two measurement methods are preferably used in combination.