Abstract: The present invention relates to providing antibodies against human heparin-binding protein (hHBP) or against a homologue of hHBP, such as porcine heparin binding protein (pHBP) or human neutrophil elastase (hNEL), and using said antibodies for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of Gram positive and/or Gram negative infections, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, modulation of inflammatory response, and/or prevention of cell apoptosis. Antibodies of the invention are capable of modulating at least one inflammatory response associated with hHBP, in particular, the invention relates to monoclonal antibody F19A5B1, capable of stimulating said at least one inflammatory response, and monoclonal antibody F19A5B4, capable of inhibiting said at least one inflammatory response.