Abstract: Methods and systems of simulating a fluid. An outflow of the fluid is determined. An inflow of the fluid is determined. Determining a simulated fluid using the inflow and the outflow.

Abstract: A vessel network mesh and a tool mesh can be created for every frame of the gaming application. The simulated fluoroscopic x-ray image can be rendered using vessel network meshes and a pixel shader.

Abstract: Methods and systems for performing softbody tissue simulation are described. A two-dimensional (2D) vertex displacement grid, represented as a 2D texture of a softbody mesh, can be determined. The 2D texture can comprise pinned positions of vector displacements relative to base positions. The surface of a three-dimensional (3D) object can be displaced by adding the vector displacements stored in the 2D texture in order to perform softbody tissue simulation. The pinning can comprise sliding, and sliding objects can be represented as signed distance functions (SDFs).

Abstract: A vessel network mesh and a tool mesh can be created for every frame of the gaming application. The simulated fluoroscopic x-ray image can be rendered using vessel network meshes and a pixel shader.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for rendering images. Permitted actions can be simulated. A fluoroscopic image can be rendered. The simulated permitted actions can be applied to the fluoroscopic image.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for rendering images. Permitted actions can be simulated. A fluoroscopic image can be rendered. The simulated permitted actions can be applied to the fluoroscopic image.