Abstract: Apparatus for applying adhesive tape to an article having first and second surfaces to be securely joined together by the adhesive tape. The apparatus includes a gripper (11) which draws tape T from a reel R. A cutter assembly (14) is operable to cut the tape T to a required length. The length of tape is held by suction on grids (16). The grids (16) are moveable to a lowered position to enable the length of tape T to be transferred to application arms (21) and thereby be positioned adjacent the first and second surfaces. Applicating heads (30) are operable to press an area of the tape onto the first and second surfaces. Relative movement between the applicating heads (30) and the surfaces cause the tape to become adhered to and join the first and second surfaces.

Abstract: A distributed authorisation system whereby seals 15 can be uniquely numbered and applied to a package or product P. The system includes an authorisation site 11 from which a licensed applicator 10 of security seals, marking, labels and the like can obtain via a global networking system 13 a unique number or series of unique numbers. A licensing authority 12 is able, via the networking system 13, to audit the activities of the authorisation site 11 and the licensed applicator 10.

Abstract: A method of indelibly marking a label (10) which includes a substrate (11) (which is transparent or translucent) and an adhesive layer (12). The method includes applying a marking (14) to the adhesive layer (12) such that the marking is visible through the substrate. The marking (14) can include part thereof in a mirror or reverse image of that which is to be visible through the substrate. The marking can be applied by ink-jet, hot-wax or laser marking (13).