Abstract: An array substrate and an array substrate testing structure are provided. The array substrate includes a display region and a non-display region, a plurality of receiving test signal pins, a plurality of bonding pins and a plurality of transmission lines are positioned on the non-display region, the receiving test signal pins and the transmission lines are arranged in row. This invention decreases width of non-display region of electrical device such that easily to design the narrow frame.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a reference signal to a user equipment at a base station in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes transmitting a control channel and the reference signal having a first pattern for the control channel to the user equipment and transmitting a data channel and the reference signal having a second pattern for the data channel to the user equipment, wherein reference signal density of the second pattern is determined based on a coherence time of the data channel, and the first pattern includes the second pattern.

Abstract: To achieve the objective of the present invention, a method for operating a showcase system having a transparent display panel according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: receiving a touch input for a predetermined area of a transparent display panel; displaying an image keyboard; receiving product information; and connecting information on the predetermined area and the product information to store the connected information, or the invention comprises the steps of: recognizing a predetermined product; receiving a touch input for a predetermined area of a transparent display panel; and connecting information on the predetermined area and information on the predetermined product to store the connected information.

Abstract: A driver assistance apparatus and a vehicle including the same are disclosed. The driver assistance apparatus includes a stereo camera and a processor to perform a calibration based on first regions that include objects for vehicle structures or external to the vehicle in stereo images acquired by the stereo camera in a calibration mode and to detect a distance to an object ahead of the vehicle based on second regions not including the objects for the vehicle structures in the stereo images acquired by the stereo camera in a normal mode. Consequently, it is possible to accurately perform distance detection based on images photographed by the stereo camera.

Abstract: A washing machine that is capable of providing a stable washing mode even when a washing-related device is abnormal during a washing operation is disclosed. When a steam generation unit, which generates high-temperature steam into a drum, is abnormal, the operation of the steam generation unit is interrupted, and an operation for driving a washing heater mounted in a tub is performed, or an operation for driving a drying unit, which supplies high-temperature dry hot air into the drum, is performed. A steam substituting algorithm is provided when the steam generation unit is abnormal during the operation using the high-temperature steam. Consequently, the interruption of the washing operation due to the abnormal steam injection function is prevented, and therefore, the reliability of the product is improved while the inconvenience of use is minimized.