Abstract: The applicator roll is provided with two recesses to apply uniform layers of glue to a travelling stream of tipping paper. In addition, the applicator roll has a series of spaced apart grooves in each recess so as to apply additional stripes of glue onto the tipping paper near the edges. The additional stripes of glue provide for a more secure bonding of the tipping paper to the tobacco column of the filter cigarette construction.

Abstract: The charcoal wheel is provided with pnuematic means for forcing the pistons outwardly to dispense charcoal and a second pneumatic means for the retraction of the pistons. The pneumatic ejection of the pistons permits a high speed output, for example 6000 inserts per minute i.e. more than twice the output of current state of the art machines. Each piston is made in one piece with an integral stop to limit the outward movement and the inward movement of the piston.

Abstract: The apparatus is provided with a cutter having pairs or rotary knives for cutting a filter rod into plural filter plugs and a pin wheel for positively ejecting the filter plugs in spaced array onto a conveyor. The apparatus also has a rotary feed means for the granular filter material which employs an independently rotatable cam wheel with pins for pushing out the plungers of the feed wheel to expel the charges of granular filter material. The garniture also laterally compresses the filter plugs to form a restricted pocket between two filter plugs to receive the granular filter material.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an aeration groove in a filter which is composed of a body of entrainment-type fiberous filter material and a layer of plug wrap paper circumferentially about the body. The apparatus is comprised of a rotatable filter drum for conveying a series of the filter plugs in sequential order past a grooving station and a forming means within the drum at the grooving station for forming at least one peripheral groove in each filter plug conveyed through the station. The forming means effects a groove which extends through the plug wrap paper in order to communicate the exterior of the filter plug with the body of filter material. In addition, a resilient guide is located at the grooving station opposite to the forming means in order to roll the filter plugs through the grooving station. In this way, rolling of the filter plugs in enhance and the formation of a complete annular groove is ensured.

Abstract: The process of preparing a semi-moist pet food product comprising the steps of: admixing and cooking ground meat or meat by-products with water, propylene glycol, phosphoric acid and one or more acids selected from the group consisting of fumaric acid and succinic acid, the admixture being a substantially soupy consistency; and, further admixing and cooking therewith water non-gellatinous absorbent ingredients in sufficient proportion to render the admixture a semi-moist relatively solid mass.

Abstract: The air dilution filter of the cigarette is provided with an annular zone in the plug wrap paper which enables air to pass directly into the fibrous body of the filter material after passing through apertures in the tipping paper.The annular zone can be comprised of a groove which is fabricated by a pair of rotating knives and a rotatable spacer with radial cutting edges which rout out material from each filter plug during conveyance of the plug on an alignment drum of a cigarette making machine. Alternatively, a plurality of closely spaced rotating knives which cut through the plug wrap paper only may be used to form a series of closely spaced annular grooves or slits in the filter periphery.

Abstract: The applicator roll is provided with two recesses to apply uniform layers of glue to a travelling stream of tipping paper. In addition, the applicator roll has a series of spaced apart grooves in each recess so as to apply additional stripes of glue onto the tipping paper near the edges. The additional stripes of glue provide for a more secure bonding of the tipping paper to the tobacco column of the filter cigarette construction.

Abstract: A process for preparing fabricated meat and meat by-products comprising the steps of: emulsifying meat or meat by-products; admixing a salt with the emulsified material; admixing texturized soy with the emulsified meat and salt; forming the admixture into a desired shape; and blanching the shaped admixture in a temperature range of 170.degree. F.-210.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for improving, enhancing or modifying the organoleptic properties of tobacco products which comprises adding thereto 7-methyl-1,2-benzopyrone.

Abstract: Improved palladium-containing smoking tobacco compositions wherein the palladium in a highly active form is obtained by depositing on the tobacco palladium which has been insolubilized by admixing in an aqueous medium a water-soluble palladium compound and a reducing agent capable of reducing dissolved palladium cations to insoluble palladium. Methods for determining the amount of insoluble or active palladium are described.

Abstract: A filter is formed by placing increments of glue in spaced apart relation on a moving stream of plug wrap paper and thereafter depositing alternating fibrous filter sections on the glue increments. Particulate material is then deposited between the fibrous filter sections and the plug wrap paper wrapped about the filter sections to form an endless rod. Two-filter filter plugs are severed from the rod by cutting through the unglued fibrous filter section and thereafter the charges of particulate filter material are compacted by moving the unglued outer filter sections of each plug inwardly. Each plug is then joined to two tobacco columns and cut in half. The resultant filters each have a fibrous filter section at the exposed end glued to the plug wrap paper, a compacted particulate section and an unglued fibrous filter section at the tobacco end.

Abstract: The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke is reduced by incorporating palladium, either in metallic form or as a salt, and an inorganic nitric oxide generating compound into tobacco.

Abstract: The stability of palladium in tobacco casing systems is improved by the incorporation of a polysaccharide protective colloid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is adapted to provide the filter of a cigarette with an annular perpheral groove to enable air to pass directly into the fibrous body of the filter material after passing through apertures in the tipping paper. Ordinary plug wrap paper instead of a high porosity tea bag paper to wrap the fibrous filter material.The annular groove can be formed by a pair of rotating knives and a rotatable spacer with radial cutting edges which rout out material from each filter plug during conveyance of the plug on an alignment drum of a cigarette making machine. Alternatively, a plurality of closely spaced rotating knives which cut through the plug wrap paper only may be used to form a series of closely spaced annular grooves or slits in the filter periphery.

Abstract: The filter plug of the cigarette is provided with an annular peripheral groove to enable air to pass directly into the fibrous body of the filter material after passing through apertures in the tipping paper. Use is made of ordinary plug wrap paper instead of a high porosity tea bag paper to wrap the fibrous filter material. The groove extends through the layer of plug wrap paper and thus communicates directly with the filter material.

Abstract: The amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke is reduced and a substantially diminished biological activity of the tobacco smoke condensate is achieved by adding to the tobacco palladium, either in metallic or salt form, and an inorganic nitric oxide generating compound.

Abstract: A filter is formed by placing increments of glue in spaced apart relation on a moving stream of plug wrap paper and thereafter depositing alternating fibrous filter sections on the glue increments. Particulate material is then deposited between the fibrous filter sections and the plug wrap paper wrapped about the filter sections to form an endless rod. Two-filter filter plugs are severed from the rod by cutting through the unglued fibrous filter section and thereafter the charges of particulate filter material are compacted by moving the unglued outer filter sections of each plug inwardly. Each plug is then joined to two tobacco columns and cut in half. The resultant filters each have a fibrous filter section at the exposed end glued to the plug wrap paper, a compacted particulate section and an unglued fibrous filter section at the tobacco end.

Abstract: The hand held measuring device measures the circumference of a cylindrical rod by moving the rod through a measured path between two cylinders. An ink marking device is used to place an index mark on the rolling rod and a transparent scale is used at the end of the measured surface of the outer cylinder to indicate the distance the rod has travelled. Coincidence of the index mark with the scale reading is a measure of the circumference of the rod. The device is operated manually via a hand wheel secured to a trunnion of the inner cylinder.

Abstract: The apparatus for making the filter forms a stream of tow into a U-shaped trough so that charges of charcoal can be injected into the trough by a charcoal wheel. The shape of the tow is ensured by feeding the tow into a funnel-shaped passageway from below the level of the passageway, the tow remains U-shaped without the need of any other means.

Abstract: The burn rate of tobacco is decreased without impairment of its quality of smoking by the application thereto of small amounts of certain salts, preferably hydrated magnesium chloride, which upon heating exhibit a plurality of endothermic reactions at successively increasing temperatures in the range from about 100.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. In addition, the presence of small amounts of an alkaline material such as calcium hydroxide is desired to counteract marginal changes in the yields of some smoke components and to increase smoke pH.