Abstract: A semiconductor device using an electrically conductive substrate that has a metal connection includes an n-type/p-type electrically conductive substrate and one buffer layer formed on the n-type/p-type electrically conductive substrate. An electrically conductive semiconductor layer is formed on the buffer layer, and the metal connection is formed between the electrically conductive semiconductor layer and the electrically conductive substrate, wherein the electrically conductive semiconductor layer is an n-type/p-type nitride.

Abstract: An electrode structure for a light-emitting element includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode has a plurality of first fingers paralleling with each other, a first connective part, and at least a first contact part. Each first finger has a first end and a second end. Pluralities of first ends connect to the first connective part. The first contact part interposes between any first end and the first connective part. The second electrode has a plurality of second fingers paralleling with each other, a second connective part, and at least a second contact part. Each second finger has a third end and a fourth end, and any second finger is between and parallels to any two first fingers. Pluralities of third ends connect to the second connective part. The second contact part interposes between any third end and the second connective part. The second electrode defines a plurality of hexagonal units among a plurality of second ends.

Abstract: An illumination device for simulating neon lighting comprising a plurality of spaced point light sources positioned adjacent a lateral light receiving surface of a substantially rod-like waveguide made of a material that preferentially scatters light entering the light receiving surface such that the light intensity pattern exiting a lateral light emitting surface of the waveguide has a substantially uniform light intensity pattern.

Abstract: A transparent layer of a LED device and the method for growing the same are disclosed in this present invention. This present invention provides an improved liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) process for growing a transparent layer of a LED device. In the above-mentioned LPE process, an improved supersaturated solution is utilized to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art, wherein the supersaturated solution comprises antimony and/or indium as a solvent. Furthermore, a metallic zinc and/or magnesium dopant is added into the supersaturated solution to optimize the characters of the transparent layer. Therefore, this invention can provide a more efficient method for growing a transparent layer of a LED device, and the quality of the above-mentioned transparent layer can thereby be improved.

Abstract: An LED epitaxial structure and a first electrode layer are formed on a provisional substrate in sequence. Then, a metallic permanent substrate is formed on the first electrode layer, and the provisional substrate is removed to expose a surface of the LED epitaxial structure. A plurality of second electrodes is formed on the surface of the LED epitaxial structure. Finally, the metallic permanent substrate, the first electrode layer, and the LED epitaxial structure are diced to form a plurality of LED devices.

Abstract: An optical device for increasing the brightness of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source by folding the electromagnetic radiation back on itself. The source of electromagnetic radiation has a first width, a first input end of a first light pipe has a second width, and a second input end of a second light pipe has a third width. An output end of the first light pipe may be reflective; while an output end of the second light pipe may be transmissive. The source is located substantially proximate to a first focal point of a reflector to produce rays of radiation that reflect from the reflector and substantially converge at a second focal point; and the input ends of the first and second light pipes are located proximate to the second focal point to collect the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An AlGaInP light emitting diode with improved illumination is provided. The AlGaInP light emitting diode includes a semiconductor substrate, a light re-emitting layer, an AlGaInP layer with a first doping concentration, an AlGaInP lower cladding layer with a second doping concentration less than the first doping concentration, an undoped AlGaInP active layer, an AlGaInP upper cladding layer, a window layer, an annular-shaped top electrode on the window layer and a layered electrode on a bottom of the semiconductor substrate. The light re-emitting layer includes at least a first region formed of the light re-emitting layer and a second region formed of Al2O3 enclosing the first region. Since AlGaInP layer between the AlGaInP lower cladding layer and the light re-emitting layer has the first doping concentration larger than that of the AlGaInP lower cladding layer, the AlGaInP layer provides a transverse current spreading.

Abstract: A waveguide polarization recovery system both polarizes the input light energy for use with an LCD imager and converts the polarity of unusable light energy to add to the illumination of the LCD imager. The compact polarization recovery waveguide system generally includes: (1) an input waveguide that provides non-polarized light energy into the system; (2) an output waveguide that receives polarized light energy from the system; (3) a polarized beam splitter that received the light energy from the input waveguide and transmits lights energy of a first polarization type and reflects light energy of a second polarization type, and (4) a wave plate that modifies the polarization of either the transmitted or reflected light energy. The polarization recovery system also generally includes one or more mirrors that are positioned as need to direct the transmitted and the reflected light energy to the output waveguide. The input and output waveguides may be shaped as needed by the projection system.

Abstract: A waveguide polarization recovery system both polarizes the input light energy for use with an LCD imager and converts the polarity of unusable light energy to add to the illumination of the LCD imager. The compact polarization recovery waveguide system generally includes: (1) an input waveguide that provides non-polarized light energy into the system; (2) an output waveguide that receives polarized light energy from the system; (3) a polarized beam splitter that received the light energy from the input waveguide and transmits lights energy of a first polarization type and reflects light energy of a second polarization type, and (4) a wave plate that modifies the polarization of either the transmitted or reflected light energy. The polarization recovery system also generally includes one or more mirrors that are positioned as need to direct the transmitted and the reflected light energy to the output waveguide. The input and output waveguides may be shaped as needed by the projection system.

Abstract: A waveguide polarization recovery system both polarizes the input light energy for use with an LCD imager and converts the polarity of unusable light energy to add to the illumination of the LCD imager. The compact polarization recovery waveguide system generally includes: (1) an input waveguide that provides non-polarized light energy into the system; (2) an output waveguide that receives polarized light energy from the system; (3) a polarized beam splitter that received the light energy from the input waveguide and transmits lights energy of a first polarization type and reflects light energy of a second polarization type, and (4) a wave plate that modifies the polarization of either the transmitted or reflected light energy. The polarization recovery system also generally includes one or more mirrors that are positioned as need to direct the transmitted and the reflected light energy to the output waveguide. The input and output waveguides may be shaped as needed by the projection system.

Abstract: A waveguide polarization recovery system both polarizes the input light energy for use with an LCD imager and converts the polarity of unusable light energy to add to the illumination of the LCD imager. The compact polarization recovery waveguide system generally includes: (1) an input waveguide that provides non-polarized light energy into the system; (2) an output waveguide that receives polarized light energy from the system; (3) a polarized beam splitter that received the light energy from the input waveguide and transmits lights energy of a first polarization type and reflects light energy of a second polarization type, and (4) a wave plate that modifies the polarization of either the transmitted or reflected light energy. The polarization recovery system also generally includes one or more mirrors that are positioned as need to direct the transmitted and the reflected light energy to the output waveguide. The input and output waveguides may be shaped as needed by the projection system.

Abstract: A waveguide polarization recovery system both polarizes the input light energy for use with an LCD imager and converts the polarity of unusable light energy to add to the illumination of the LCD imager. The compact polarization recovery waveguide system generally includes: (1) an input waveguide that provides non-polarized light energy into the system; (2) an output waveguide that receives polarized light energy from the system; (3) a polarized beam splitter that received the light energy from the input waveguide and transmits lights energy of a first polarization type and reflects light energy of a second polarization type, and (4) a wave plate that modifies the polarization of either the transmitted or reflected light energy. The polarization recovery system also generally includes one or more mirrors that are positioned as need to direct the transmitted and the reflected light energy to the output waveguide. The input and output waveguides may be shaped as needed by the projection system.

Abstract: A waveguide polarization recovery system both polarizes the input light energy for use with an LCD imager and converts the polarity of unusable light energy to add to the illumination of the LCD imager. The compact polarization recovery waveguide system generally includes: (1) an input waveguide that provides non-polarized light energy into the system; (2) an output waveguide that receives polarized light energy from the system; (3) a polarized beam splitter that received the light energy from the input waveguide and transmits lights energy of a first polarization type and reflects light energy of a second polarization type, and (4) a wave plate that modifies the polarization of either the transmitted or reflected light energy. The polarization recovery system also generally includes one or more mirrors that are positioned as need to direct the transmitted and the reflected light energy to the output waveguide. The input and output waveguides may be shaped as needed by the projection system.

Abstract: A waveguide polarization recovery system both polarizes the input light energy for use with an LCD imager and converts the polarity of unusable light energy to add to the illumination of the LCD imager. The compact polarization recovery waveguide system generally includes: (1) an input waveguide that provides non-polarized light energy into the system; (2) an output waveguide that receives polarized light energy from the system; (3) a polarized beam splitter that received the light energy from the input waveguide and transmits lights energy of a first polarization type and reflects light energy of a second polarization type, and (4) a wave plate that modifies the polarization of either the transmitted or reflected light energy. The polarization recovery system also generally includes one or more mirrors that are positioned as need to direct the transmitted and the reflected light energy to the output waveguide. The input and output waveguides may be shaped as needed by the projection system.

Abstract: A condensing and collecting optical system includes a collimating reflector and focusing reflector. The collimating reflector includes a portion of a paraboloid of revolution having a focal point and an optical axis. The focusing reflector includes a paraboloid of revolution having a focal point and an optical axis. A source of the electromagnetic radiation placed at the focal point of the collimating reflector produces a collimated beam of radiation. The focusing reflector is positioned so as to receive the collimated beam and focus it toward a target positioned at the focal point of the focusing reflector. To achieve maximum illumination at the target, the collimating reflector and the focusing reflector are so constructed and positioned so as to achieve preferably about unit magnification between the source and its focused image, although other magnifications may be achieved.

Abstract: A condensing and collecting optical system includes a first reflector and second reflector. The first and second reflectors and includes a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution having two focal point and an optical axis. A source of electromagnetic radiation is placed at one of the focal points of the first reflector to produce radiation that converges at the second focal point of the first reflector. The second focal points of the reflectors coincide. The second reflector is positioned to receive the radiation after it passes through a second focal point of the second reflector and focuses the radiation toward a target positioned at the first focal point of the second reflector.

Abstract: The present invention provides a connector assembly comprising (1) a first adapter that releasably connects to light source and transmits optical energy received from the light source along a first optical waveguide; (2) a second adapter that releasably connects to first adapter to receive and transmit optical energy along a second optical waveguide; and (3) an output optical waveguide that receives the transmitted optical energy from the second waveguide and has a proximal connector adapted to fixedly engage the second adapter. In one embodiment, the proximal connector has a slot that allows for the insertion of a clip, and the second adapter has a detente that mechanically engages the clip when it is inserted into the slot in the proximal connector. In this way, the second adapter is fixedly coupled to the proximal connector but may also rotate in relation to the output connector.

Abstract: An optical coupling element for use in large numerical aperture collecting and condensing systems. The optical coupling element includes a lens having a curved surface and a tapered light pipe. The curved surface reduces the angle of incidence of the light striking the input end of the optical coupling element such that the Fresnel reflection is greatly reduced. Electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source is collected and focused onto a target by positioning the source of electromagnetic radiation at a first focal point of a first reflector so that the source produces rays of radiation reflected from the first reflector that converge at a second focal point of the second reflector. The optical coupling element is positioned so that a center of the lens is substantially proximate with the second focal point of the second reflector and the curved surface is between the second reflector and the center.

Abstract: A temperature control system for a source of electromagnetic radiation, such as an arc lamp, in a collecting and condensing system including a first reflector having a first focal point and a first optical axis, and a second reflector having a second focal point and a second optical axis. The source may be located proximate to the first focal point of the first reflector to produce rays of radiation that reflect from the first reflector toward the second reflector and substantially converge at the second focal point. A sensor, such as a voltage or a temperature sensor, may be placed near the source, and produces an output which may be substantially proportional to an attribute of the source. A comparator compares the output to a predetermined value and produces a difference between the output and the predetermined value.

Abstract: A light emitting diode is made by a compound semiconductor in which light is emitted from an active region with a multiple quantum well structure. The active region is sandwiched by InGaAlP-based lower and upper cladding layers. Emission efficiency of the active region is improved by adding light and electron reflectors in the light emitting diode. These InGaAlP-based layers are grown epitaxially by Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE) on a GaAs substrate with a misorientation angle toward <111>A to improve the quality and surface morphology of the epilayer and performance in light emitting. The lower cladding layer of first conductivity type forms on a misoriented substrate with the same type of conductivity. Light transparent and current diffusion layers with a second conductivity is formed on top of the upper cladding layer for the spreading of current and expansion of the emission light.