Abstract: Described herein there is a computer-implemented method for generating a dialogue system output, comprising: receiving, at an input, input data relating to a speech or text input signal originating from a user device; receiving, at one or more processors, a plurality of domain snippets, wherein each domain snippet comprises data representing reference data and data representing an associated prompt; processing, by the one or more processors, the plurality of domain snippets to determine a plurality of similarity indicators, each similarity indicator indicating a similarity between the input data and a respective domain snippet; processing, by the one or more processors, the plurality of similarity indicators to select one or more of the data representing reference data; providing, by the one or more processors, data representing the input data and the one or more data representing reference data as an input to an input layer of a neural network configured to generate a dialogue system output by: identifying a

Abstract: The present invention relates to the determination or classification of the mental state of a user and associated confidence values for the determined mental state. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of various sensor data to determine the mental states of users, such as optical heart data or electrocardiography data, for example, from wearable devices (in a variety of form-factors, for example smart watches, fitness trackers, smart rings, smart textile, headsets, or wearable patches) or other devices having sensors operable to detect relevant attributes of a user that can be used to determine the user's mental state, such as physiological attributes. Aspects and/or embodiments seek to provide methods and systems for detecting (or determining) a mental state and a confidence for the detected mental state of a user.