Abstract: A film stretching plant is described, which comprises a furnace (3), which consists of several treatment zones (1, 1a) which each respectively comprise a ventilation unit (2). The film (4) is suppliable to the furnace (3) through a film inlet region (5) and is thermally treatable zone-wise in the treatment zones (1, 1a). The treatment fluid (6) supplied to the film stretching plant flows over the film (4) on its upper surface and its lower surface in the treatment zones (1, 1a). In the film stretching plant according to the invention, the treatment fluid (6) is circulatable in the respective treatment zone (1, a) by its associated respective ventilation unit (2) for the thermal treatment of the film (4), and a portion (6a) of the treatment fluid (6) is conveyed from the respective treatment zone (1) to the process-technically following treatment zone (1a).

Abstract: Method for measuring the fabric tension in a weaving machine, in which the fabric (1) is deflected by a deflecting shaft (2), wherein a bending force is applied onto the deflecting shaft (2) by the fabric (1). The flexure or bending displacement of the deflecting shaft (2) is measured by a sensor (3), which is arranged in an area between two supports (4.1, 4.2) of the deflecting shaft (2) on the weaving machine. The deflecting shaft (2) is connected with a machine frame (9) of the weaving machine via the two supports (4.1, 4.2). The spacing distance (A) between the two supports (4.1, 4.2) of the deflecting shaft (2) is reduced for larger fabric tensions to be measured and is increased for smaller fabric tensions to be measured. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding weaving machine.

Abstract: Air-jet weaving machine with an apparatus for the supply of compressed air with several pneumatically adjustable pressure regulators (1.1, 1.2, 1.3), wherein the pneumatically adjustable pressure regulators (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) respectively comprise a pneumatic control inlet (3.1, 3.2, 3.3). Furthermore an electrically controllable pressure adjusting means (4) and a control pressure line (5) is present, in which various different air pressure values are producible by the electrically controllable pressure adjusting means (4). To each pneumatic control inlet (3.1, 3.2, 3.3), an electrically switchable valve (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) is allocated, by which the pneumatic control inlet (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) is connectable with the control pressure line (5).

Abstract: An apparatus (2) with a chain (1) that is arranged endlessly circulateable in the apparatus (2) includes a measuring apparatus (3) for measuring the stretching or elongation of the chain (1), with a first signal pick-up (4) and with a second signal pick-up (5), which are arranged at a spacing distance (D) relative to one another, which extends in the running direction over several chain links (6) of the chain (1). A first element for signal generation (7) is arranged on a first chain link (6.1) in such a manner so that with a circulating chain (1) a signal is produced upon running past the first signal pick-up (4). Several further elements for signal generation (8) are arranged on a second chain link (6.2) in such a manner so that with a circulating chain (1) a further signal is generated with each one of these further elements (8) upon running past the second signal pick-up (5).

Abstract: A direct drive for a loom reed includes a linear motor carrying out a linear oscillating motion, or an arc segment motor carrying out a pivoting oscillating motion, or a circular coaxial motor carrying out a pivoting oscillating motion. The circular coaxial motor has a hollow shaft rotor arranged within a hollow shaft stator, and may further have an additional hollow shaft stator arranged within the rotor in a sandwich motor construction. The arc segment motor and the linear motor may similarly have a rotor member sandwiched between two stator members. Two motor units can be provided respectively above and below the weaving plane to drive the reed together. With these measures, the driving force is increased, yet the drive arrangement is confined to the available installation space.

Abstract: The tension of catch selvage yarns reeling off a yarn supply spool is kept constant by applying a braking force to the supply spool by a disk brake. The brake has a brake disk (12) rotating with the yarn supply spool (1′) and a position variable brake component (20) which is responsive in its instantaneous position to the instantaneous diameter of a yarn supply on the supply spool (1′) as sensed by a yarn follower (8) such as a roller that contacts the yarn on the spool, preferably under a spring bias.

Abstract: In the event of an interruption of the weaving process and in the case of weaving-technical operations, such as tabby weaving and unraveling, a trailing of warp thread bobbins and thus a trailing of warp threads which are withdrawn from the bobbins and form a warp thread family, cannot be avoided without significant expenditures. The trailing results in a so-called trailing length in the thread family which, unless it is correspondingly taken up and correspondingly released during the new start of the weaving process, results in an overstretching of the warp thread family during a starting operation of the bobbins. This disadvantage is avoided by deflecting the thread family within a feeding stand, in the event of a weaving stop, in a controlled manner from a reference plane into at least one defined position. At the new start of the weaving process, the deflection is eliminated in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A loom has an illuminating unit for improving the detection of deficiencies in a length of fabric. The illuminating unit extends over the entire width of the loom and at least one illumination device. The illuminating unit is pivotably fastened between loom walls in the area of a free space defined by the fabric guidance rollers and the length of fabric itself. The illuminating unit illuminates the length of the fabric and is used as a safety cover over the roller gap between the rollers.

Abstract: When a faulty weft thread must be removed after it has been bound into the fabric and beat-up, it is necessary to perform a so-called reverse weaving operation following the stopping of the normal weaving operation in response to a stop signal signifying that a faulty weft thread has been detected. For this purpose the loom main shaft and the heald drive shaft are rotated for a number of rotational degrees in the same direction in which these shafts are rotated just prior to the stopping of a weaving operation in response to the above mentioned signal. Next, the drive between the main shaft and the heald shaft is interrupted. Next, the main shaft and thus also the reed shaft and with it the reed, are rotated back within a predetermined angular range between two successive reed beat-up motions. During this time the heald shaft is rotated back, preferably to the so-called detection point with a higher r.p.m., or rather with a higher angular speed than the main shaft.

Abstract: A tentering frame is equipped with a tentering chain for the simultaneous treatment of a film web in two directions or in a so-called biaxial manner. The film web is carried by endless tentering chains which hold the film web edges by grippers carried by tentering clamps secured to the tentering chain. The chains have tiltable chain link plates and chain links, whereby the on-center spacing between neighboring clamps is continuously adjustable or variable for changing the chain pitch. In order to reduce the normal pitch when the chain is stretched out as much as possible, and in order to achieve a more efficient pitch adjustment in a larger adjustment range, each tentering clamp is carried by a single shaft which simultaneously functions as one of the two chain pins or chain axles that link two neighboring chain links to each other.

Abstract: A thermoplastic film web is subjected to a defined shrinking in a treatment apparatus with two mirror-symmetrically arranged tentering chains. For this purpose, each chain is equipped with tentering clamps that have a variable on-center spacing or pitch in the travel direction of the tentering chains, and which additionally are position adjustable in a direction other than the travel direction. The entire clamp body or clamp elements may be position variable in a direction other than the travel direction. In operation, the pitch is first reduced in the inlet and/or heating zone of the treatment apparatus. Simultaneously, the clamping position of the individual clamps or clamping element is changed, e.g. by tilting or lifting. The clamp position change takes up extra film web length resulting from the pitch change, whereby the film web assumes throughout its width a corrugated configuration. Then, the film web is cross-stretched.

Abstract: A cart for transferring a warp exchange system from a machine that prepares such a warp exchange system to a warp beam lifting carriage, is equipped to at least temporarily store a prepared warp exchange system after having picked up the system from a warp drawing-in carriage that forms part of the machine for preparing the warp exchange system. The cart is further compatible to transfer the stored system to a warp beam lifting carriage which in turn inserts the system into a loom. The cart makes sure that the warp exchange system is presented with the proper orientation relative to the loom so that the insertion can take place in the manner of a cassette formed by the cart and the warp exchange system including the warp beam.

Abstract: A gear drive for shuttleless looms has an input transmission train and an outpost transmission train cooperating for converting the continuous rotational movement of the main loom drive shaft into an oscillating back and forth movement which in turn is converted into a horizontal back and forth movement of the respective gripper rod carrying a gripper head back and forth into the loom shed. The output transmission section or train has two auxiliary parallel output drive shafts, both of which are driven from a central output drive shaft. Two pinions at the free ends of the auxiliary parallel drive shaft mesh with the gripper rod, thereby distributing the drive forces over a larger surface area for reducing the wear and tear on the gripper rod and on the two parallel output drives.

Abstract: Tentering clamps for an endless tentering chain are formed so that two clamp bodies slideably mounted on at least one common guide bar can move toward each other and away from each other for adjusting the pitch. The guide bar or bars have entraining stop elements so positioned that an axial pulling force that moves the tentering chain, is transmitted through the guide bar or bars. The pitch is adjusted with the help of at least one, preferably two, toggle link mechanisms carrying a control roller engaging a guide rail. When the toggle links of the toggle link mechanism are straightened out in the travel direction of the tentering chain, the toggle link mechanism is substantially relieved of the axial tension force or load because the load passes through the guide bars (10) and the clamp bodies forming a pair. A plurality of such compound tentering clamp body pairs are linked by chain link plates and respective linking chain journal pins (23).

Abstract: In order to avoid or at least minimize weft thread breaking in an air nozzle loom, the supply of pressurized air to the relay nozzles is controlled in such a manner that the velocity of the blowing air is diminished toward the end of the weft thread insertion channel near its exit end. As a result, the tension on the weft thread is correspondingly reduced and the diminishing of the blowing air velocity can take into account any dynamic characteristics of the particular type of thread being inserted. Additionally, upon completion of the travelling weft thread insertion field, a weft thread tensioning field is imposed on the weft thread for properly tensioning the weft thread for the beat up. The tensioning following the insertion is applied only by selected nozzles or groups of nozzles, for example, by a group in the center of the weaving width and by a group toward the exit end of the insertion channel.

Abstract: The binding of free weft thread ends at the exit of the weft thread insertion channel in an air weaving loom, into the fabric edge, is to be avoided. For this purpose it is necessary to straighten out the turbulent weft thread ends. The straightening is accomplished by a blowing nozzle that directs its air stream onto the free weft thread ends in a direction substantially defined by the fabric withdrawal. The auxiliary nozzle is arranged in an auxiliary reed section used for forming an auxiliary selvage. Such a blowing nozzle may be combined with a nozzle for stretching the weft thread end.

Abstract: The inclusion of faulty weft threads into a fabric being woven on an air nozzle loom is prevented with a minimal effort and expense for equipment and control components. For this purpose a sensor upstream of the weft thread insertion components provides the signal of a fault and this signal starts a thread removal program under the control of the loom control unit. The program is stored in the memory of the central computer of the control unit. According to the program the beat up motion is stopped and a predetermined length of weft thread is passed entirely through the insertion channel. When a predetermined number of weft shots have been made or a predetermined length of time has passed, the program provides a signal for the cut off of the faulty section of the weft thread and the faulty section is sucked out of the insertion channel and collected in a container.

Abstract: A retoolable spreader table for an air loom has a trough-shaped cross-section. The spreader table has a projection pointing substantially toward the center of the weft thread insertion channel of a weaving reed. The projection forms with its upper side a support surface for the fabric. The spreader table is equipped with a first spreader element or forward spreader element positioned at the spreader table inlet and a second spreader element positioned at the outlet of the spreader table. A fabric detour element is positioned between the forward and rearward spreader elements in such a way that a slot is formed between the inlet spreader element (8) and a free end of the trough-shaped detour element (12). The fabric slot (16) has a free passage width that is variable, depending on the diameter (D) of a spreader rod (15) that is carried by the fabric (7) in a rotating manner and that is easily insertable into the space encircled by the trough table (1) and the detour element (12).

Abstract: A tubular knitted fabric is guided over a first rotatably arranged system of squeezing roller pairs and is then squeezed out, during a simultaneous continuous pulling off of the fabric, by a second system of squeezing rollers cooperating with the first system. The creation of edge markings is thereby completely prevented. An apparatus for the squeezing out process has a first system of rotatably arranged squeezing roller pairs which is held inside of the tubular fabric front the outside thereof and which has an adjustable outer periphery and a second system of rotatably arranged squeezing rollers also held on the outside of the tubular fabric. The second system is adapted to the periphery of the first system of squeezing roller pairs. Both systems cooperate with each other.

Abstract: Lengthwise stretching machines for thermoplastic synthetic films are equipped with mechanical or opto-electrical devices for detecting a tearing of the film or an accumulation of film on the stretching rollers and for stopping the machine when tearing or accumulation occurs, to protect the stretching rollers. Unallowable loads and possible damage to the roller bearings are avoided by mounting the bearing housings (1, 2) of each roller (3, 4, 5) of a lower roller (7) in the machine frame for cooperation with a force generating device (8) which presses the respective bearing housing (1, 2) toward oppositely located rollers (9, 10, 11) of an upper roller group (12) to an extent permitted by stops (14, 15) rigidly arranged on the machine frame (13). The rollers (3, 4, 5) of the lower group received in the bearing housing (1, 2) can overcome the pressing force of the device (8) to slide in a yielding direction away from the upper rollers, when a roller accumulates film thereon.