Abstract: One apparatus includes a storage division selection module configured to select a storage division of a solid-state storage medium for recovery. The solid-state storage medium includes a plurality of storage divisions. Each storage division includes a plurality of storage locations. The apparatus also includes an erase module configured to erase the selected storage division. The apparatus includes a storage division recovery module configured to store a sequence indicator in the erased storage division. The sequence indicator is indicative of an ordered sequence of the plurality of storage divisions, and the sequence indicator is determined by reading information stored with data on the plurality of storage divisions.

Abstract: Data is stored on a non-volatile storage media in a sequential, log-based format. The formatted data defines an ordered sequence of storage operations performed on the non-volatile storage media. A storage layer maintains volatile metadata, which may include a forward index associating logical identifiers with respective physical storage units on the non-volatile storage media. The volatile metadata may be reconstructed from the ordered sequence of storage operations. Persistent notes may be used to maintain consistency between the volatile metadata and the contents of the non-volatile storage media. Persistent notes may identify data that does not need to be retained on the non-volatile storage media and/or is no longer valid.

Abstract: A storage layer is configured to store data at respective offsets within storage units of a storage device. Physical addresses of the data may be segmented into a first portion identifying the storage unit in which the data is stored, and a second portion that indicates the offset of the data within the identified storage unit. An index of the data offsets (e.g., second portions of the physical addresses) may be persisted on the storage device. The first portion of the address may be associated with logical addresses of the data in a forward index. The forward index may omit the second portion of the physical addresses, which may reduce the memory overhead of the index and/or allow the forward index to reference larger storage devices. Data of a particular logical address may be accessed using the first portion of the physical address maintained in the forward index, and the second portion of the media address stored on the storage device.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an apparatus, system, and method may increase data integrity in a redundant storage system. In one embodiment, a request is received for data stored at a storage system having a plurality of storage elements, where one or more of the plurality of storage elements include parity information. A determination is made that one of the plurality of storage elements is unavailable, the unavailable storage element being a functional storage element and including at least a portion of the data. Responsive to the determination, the data is reconstructed based on at least a portion of the parity information and data from one or more of the plurality of storage elements other than the unavailable storage element; a response is provided to the request such that the response includes the reconstructed data.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for managing a non-volatile storage medium. A storage controller receives a message that identifies data that no longer needs to be retained on the non-volatile storage medium. The data may be identified using a logical identifier. The message may comprise a hint, directive, or other indication that the data has been erased and/or deleted. In response to the message, the storage controller records an indication that the contents of a physical storage location and/or physical address associated with the logical identifier do not need to be preserved on the non-volatile storage medium.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for efficiently managing commands in a solid-state storage device that includes a solid-state storage arranged in two or more banks. Each bank is separately accessible and includes two or more solid-state storage elements accessed in parallel by a storage input/output bus. The solid-state storage includes solid-state, non-volatile memory. The solid-state storage device includes a bank interleave that directs one or more commands to two or more queues, where the one or more commands are separated by command type into the queues. Each bank includes a set of queues in the bank interleave controller. Each set of queues includes a queue for each command type. The bank interleave controller coordinates among the banks execution of the commands stored in the queues, where a command of a first type executes on one bank while a command of a second type executes on a second bank.

Abstract: A storage module is configured to store data segments, such as error-correcting code (ECC) codewords, within an array comprising two or more solid-state storage elements. The data segments may be arranged in a horizontal arrangement, a vertical arrangement, a hybrid channel arrangement, and/or vertical stripe arrangement within the array. The data arrangement may determine input/output performance characteristics. An optimal adaptive data storage configuration may be based on read and/or write patterns of storage clients, read time, stream time, and so on. Data of failed storage elements may be reconstructed by use of parity data and/or other ECC codewords stored within the array.

Abstract: One method includes streaming a data segment to a write buffer corresponding to a virtual page including at least two physical pages. Each physical page is defined within a respective solid-state storage element. The method also includes programming contents of the write buffer to the virtual page, such that a first portion of the data segment is programmed to a first one of the physical pages, and a second portion of the data segment is programmed to a second one of the physical pages.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for allocating non-volatile storage. The storage device may present a logical address, which may exceed a physical storage capacity of the device. The storage device may allocate logical capacity in the logical address space. An allocation request may be allowed when there is sufficient unassigned and/or unallocated logical capacity to satisfy the request. Data may be stored on the non-volatile storage device by requesting physical storage capacity. A physical storage request, such as a storage request or physical storage reservation, when there is sufficient available physical storage capacity to satisfy the request. The device may maintain an index to associate logical identifiers (LIDs) in the logical address space with storage locations on the storage device. This index may be used to make logical capacity allocations and/or to manage physical storage space.

Abstract: Data of a vector storage request pertaining to one or more disjoint, non-adjacent, and/or non-contiguous logical identifier ranges are stored contiguously within a log on a non-volatile storage medium. A request consolidation module modifies one or more sub-requests of the vector storage request in response to other, cached storage requests. Data of an atomic vector storage request may comprise persistent indicators, such as persistent metadata flags, to identify data pertaining to incomplete atomic storage requests. A restart recovery module identifies and excludes data of incomplete atomic operations.