Abstract: Clinically validated methods of administering Yunnan Baiyao or Xingnaojing can improve postoperative recovery and long-term clinical prognosis of patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and emergency craniotomy. Both medicinal methods are useful for minimizing or inhibiting the adverse impacts of secondary injury, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation associated with TBI, spinal cord injury, craniotomy/craniectomy, cerebral hemostasis and hemorrhage, coagulopathy, stroke, neural injury and neuroinflammation, and for promoting the long-term functional recovery and well-being of the patients with the afore-mentioned diseases.