Abstract: This invention involves the administration of the natural androgen metabolite 5-alpha-androst-1-en-3,17-dione(1-androstenedione) to produce an androgenic and anabolic response in humans. 1-Androstenedione behaves as a prohormone in vivo, and converts to the active hormone 17-beta-hydroxy-5-alpha-androst-1-en-3-one.