Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising at least one sulphur-containing calixarene represented by formula (I) or a metal salt of said calixarene, wherein in formula (I): Y is a divalent bridging group, at least one of said bridging groups being a sulphur atom; R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group; either R1 is hydroxyl and R2 and R4 are independently either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, or R2 and R4 are hydroxyl and R1 is either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl; and n is a number having a value of at least 4. In one embodiment, the foregoing salt is an overbased salt. The invention also relates to additive compositions and finished lubricating oil compositions containing the foregoing overbased salt. The invention also relates to a process for making the foregoing overbased salt.

Abstract: An overbased metal salt of a sulphur-free calixarene having a substituent hydroxyl group or groups available for reaction with a metal base, the calixarene having a molecular weight of at least 1880.

Abstract: An additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil composition comprising:(I) a lubricating oil soluble sulphurised or non-sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate derived either from a hydrocarbyl phenate or its precursors and modified by reaction to incorporate:(i) an aldehyde, and(ii) from greater than 2 to less than 40% by weight based on the weight of the concentrate of either (a) at least one carboxylic acid having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R.sup.1 is either hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a --CH.sub.

Abstract: Compounds comprising a Mannich reaction product ofa) a polyisobutene-substituted phenol wherein at least 70% of the terminal olefinic double bonds in the polyisobutene are of the vinylidene type;b) an aldehyde; andc) ethylene diamine are disclosed, which are shown to have good detergency properties in hydrocarbon fuels.