Abstract: An apparatus in one example comprises a substitute manager component that upon failure of a first manager component, obtains management responsibility for a distributed software application from the first manager component and queries one or more software components of the distributed software application for state information of the one or more software components. The substitute manager component employs the state information to determine whether one or more recovery actions are needed for the distributed software application to recover from the failure of the first manager component.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, there is a method of transmitting over a reverse link, where a medium access control layer multiplexes data from upper level layers onto transport channels that are used based on whether the user is in a scheduled transmission mode or an autonomous transmission mode. The transport channels may be mapped to one or more physical channels associated with a particular transport channel, based on whether the transport channel is dedicated for use in the scheduled or autonomous mode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, apparatus and system for a protocol and line-rate transparent WDM passive optical network architecture that scales in terms of bandwidth and number of ONUs. Both an included optical line terminal and each of a plurality of ONUs use substantially the same reflective modulators to modulate respective wavelength channels to impart data thereto. In various embodiments of the present invention, the reflective modulators are composed of a SOA having on one facet a pigtailed fiber and the other facet coated with a highly reflective coating. In the WDM passive optical network of the present invention, the ONUs each comprises a separate wavelength for communication in the upstream and the downstream directions. The present invention allows for all-passive components to be placed in the field, thus, requiring no power between a central office and a user or subscriber's premises.

Abstract: Fibers having an electrically conductive outer surface and having an average diameter of less than about 5 millimeters; and a dielectric polymeric layer comprising a polymer having a main polymer chain on the outer surface, the dielectric polymeric layer having a thickness of less than about 50 microns, the main polymer chain comprising carbon. Fiber transistors having an on/off ratio of at least about 10. Techniques for making fibers and fiber transistors.

Abstract: A method of transmitting or retransmitting a packet in a communication system. The method includes determining a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to reduce the packet error rate (PER) for transmission, where the MCS is an aggregate of M redundant packet transmissions as a function of at least one of determined past channel conditions and/or allocated resources, determinable current channel conditions and/or allocated resources, future statistical channel conditions and/or allocated resources, and/or a cost function; and transmitting the packets in the communication system according to the MCS.

Abstract: Apparatus including a rigid fluid-permeable body, having a first non-planar fluid-permeable body surface, and having a second fluid-permeable body surface; a plurality of fluid-permeable cells in the fluid-permeable body; and a plurality of raised micro-scale features on the first fluid-permeable body surface. Apparatus including a fluid-permeable body having first and second fluid-permeable body surfaces; a plurality of fluid-permeable cells in the fluid-permeable body; a plurality of raised micro-scale features on the first fluid-permeable body surface; and a fluid containment body forming, together with the second fluid-permeable body surface, a second fluid containment structure. Methods, utilizing an apparatus, of treating a liquid with a fluid, and of maintaining a superhydrophobic surface.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling the flow of packets within a network node is disclosed. The method comprises receiving packets that are intended for a queue, classifying each of packets into at least one of a plurality of traffic classes and applying class-specific random early detection to each of said packets. The system comprises a classification engine configured to classify packets into one of a plurality of traffic classes, class-specific random early detection (RED) logic configured to apply class-specific RED to each of said packets that have been classified by said classification engine; and a queue for queuing any of said packets that are not dropped in response to application of said class-specific RED.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of wireless telecommunication of according to an automatic repeat request protocol supporting a plurality of processes. The method includes selecting a subset of the plurality of processes based on a block size of at least one data packet, the subset comprising less than all of the plurality of processes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting previous packet loss in non-packetized speech by applying one or more filters to a segment of said non-packetized speech, each of said one or more filters determining an energy parameter value for a given frequency band of said segment of said non-packetized speech; comparing one or more of said determined energy parameter values to one or more corresponding thresholds; and detecting previous packet loss based on said comparison of said one or more of said determined energy parameter values to said one or more of said corresponding thresholds.

Abstract: A method includes transmitting optical signals through a heterogeneous sequence of spans of an all-optical transmission line. Each span has an optical transmission fiber connected to an optical amplifier. Each amplifier launches the signals into a sequential remainder of the line. The transmitting includes launching the optical signals into the highest loss fibers with substantially equal average optical launch powers or operating the spans with the highest loss fibers to have substantially equal quality products. The average optical launch powers are substantially equal to the inverse of a sum of (1?Tj)?j/[?NL·?j] over the highest loss fibers. The parameters Tj, ?j, and ?j are the respectiveare, respectively, transmissivity, nonlinear optical coefficient, and loss coefficient of the fiber of the j-th span. The parameter ?NL is the line's cumulative nonlinear phase shift.

Abstract: A node in the telecommunication network supports location and direction services that are especially suited for wireless subscribers. Location coordinates such as determined by the global positioning satellite system are entered by a subscriber from the location to be marked. The node stores the coordinates and compares the marked location to the current coordinates of a subscriber making a request for directions to find the first location, e.g. the subscriber's parked car. The node provides the requesting subscriber with directions for proceeding from the current location to the first location. Subscribers other than the subscriber entering the location coordinates may also access the stored location information and obtain directions to the marked location to facilitate a meeting of subscribers at a location previously marked by a subscriber.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises a substrate with a top surface and a liquid lens on the top surface and clear retaining fluid surrounding the lens. One of the retaining fluid and liquid lens comprises a nonpolar liquid, and the other of the retaining fluid and liquid lens comprises a polar liquid. The nonpolar liquid includes one or more cyclic saturated organic compounds.

Abstract: An optical device extracts an information bearing sideband such as an FSK or SCM signal (label) from a composite signal that includes the sideband and an orthogonally modulated signal such as an intensity modulated signal (payload) by employing polarization beam splitting and polarization transformation. Polarization transformation is accomplished by splicing the optical signal into a polarization maintaining fiber at a desired angle so that it is separated into two orthogonal polarizations that experience differential group delay in the fiber. The fiber is characterized by a beat length Lbeat and the fiber is designed to have a length substantially equal to (Lbeat×fc)/2?f, wherein the sidebands of the composite signal are separated by a wavelength difference ?f and fc is the nominal center frequency of the composite signal. This device has been shown to be useful for extracting GMPLS LSC level wavelength labels from either an FSK/IM composite signal or an SCM/IM composite signal.

Abstract: Techniques for transmission control in a wireless communication system are described. In a system comprising a plurality of voice and data users, a threshold is set reflecting a minimum gain at which a data user will be allowed to transmit. At each of a plurality of time slots, the circumstances, including the instantaneous gains, of all data users are evaluated and the data user having the highest priority is selected as a candidate for transmission. If the candidate for transmission experiences a gain meeting the gain threshold, the candidate is directed to transmit at a power level inversely proportional to the gain. If the candidate for transmission does not experience a gain meeting the threshold, the candidate is inhibited from transmission.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for manipulating light beams propagated through an optical apparatus that includes a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) and free-space optics unit. A multi-wave optical signal coupled to the PLC is propagated through a first and second waveguide array to generate a phased array output at an edge facet of the PLC. The phased array output at the edge facet is spatially Fourier transformed by the lens to generate a spectrally resolved image having a discrete light spot for each channel of the input optical signal, which is coupled to a pixelated optical receiving unit. When the optical receiving unit is a reflector, one or more of the discrete light spot are reflected to a desired waveguide array of a PLC to produce a desired output. When the optical receiving unit is a pixelated transmissive modulator, one or more of the discrete light spot are modulated as they pass through the modulator.

Abstract: An information component of an apparatus in one example selects one or more languages for transmission of one or more messages to one or more personal information components based on one or more inputs from one or more of the one or more personal information components.

Abstract: An apparatus in one example may have: at least two endpoints operatively coupled to one another via an application function (AF) in a home network; a policy decision function operatively coupled to the AF; a policy decision enforcement (PDE) operatively coupled to the one of the endpoints; the PDF operatively coupled to the PDE; and a QoS managed bearer that is operatively connected to the endpoints.

Abstract: A decoding method is carried out in a receiver configured to accept format information relating to sequences of input data, to use format information in the decoding of each input sequence, and to issue an acknowledgement signal in the event that an input sequence is successfully decoded. The method involves receiving a format message pertaining to a new input sequence, searching a candidate set of format indices an index best satisfying a criterion for matching to the format message, and selecting the index giving the best match. Before searching, the receiver reads the acknowledgement signals issued in response to the decoding or attempted decoding of recent input sequences. If the acknowledgement signals satisfy an appropriate condition, the search is limited to fewer than all the indices in the candidate set. The format information that corresponds to the selected index is used in decoding the new input sequence.

Abstract: An originating mobile switching center of an apparatus in one example handles one or more calls. A serving mobile switching center for a communication device on a call of the one or more calls passes control of the call to the originating mobile switching center. The originating mobile switching center triggers the call to a service node. The service node sends an initial trigger response to the originating mobile switching center that instructs the originating mobile switching center to redirect the call. The initial trigger response arms one or more triggers that support one or more services for the communication device. The one or more triggers comprise one or more of one or more switch based triggers and one or more subscriber based triggers exclusive of Calling_Routing_Addresss_Available, OAnswer, and ODisconnect triggers.

Abstract: In a method of controlling downlink transmission timing at a radio network controller (RNC) in a communication system, a relative window is determined. The relative window represents a time difference between an arrival time of a data frame at the RNC from a core network, and a target transmission time for transmitting the data frame from the RNC to a Node-B. Boundary thresholds that adjoin the relative window are set, and a target arrival time that a data frame is to be received at the RNC is compared to the thresholds. The RNC may send a request to advance or retard sending of the data frame to the core network, depending on whether target arrival time of the data frame is outside one of the thresholds. A data frame received within the relative window is transmitted from the RNC to a Node-B.