Abstract: The novel credit-based adaptive flow control method and system for multi-stage, multi-dimensional, data switching architecture. The method and system of the present invention estimates and balances data flow in the switch architecture by using statistical information derived from the normal switching operation without requiring specific information from the previous stage. The multi-stage multi-dimensional switching architecture of the present invention includes three stages. The first and third stages are the buffering stages, and the second stage acts as a buffer-less crossbar switch node. Each stage includes an array of switching elements, and each element includes either a queuing processor or an arbitration processor arranged to progressively refine estimates of the data traffic from switch elements in the first stage by the second stage. The second stage maintains the statistic of valid traffic arrival and departure, and feedback grant information bit to the first stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) type system of mobile radio telecommunications that is robust with respect to radio network controller failures: According to the invention, following a temporary interruption in operation of a radio network controller of the UTRAN network of the system and after the reinitialization of this radio network controller, the UTRAN network sends a piece of information to all the cells controlled by the reinitialized radio network controller or by its neighboring radio network controllers. This piece of information prompts the user equipment devices that are in these cells to make their presence known to the UTRAN network. According to the invention, the user equipment devices in connected mode are capable of processing said piece of information.

Abstract: A packet encapsulation scheme for multiplexing application sessions—Lightweight IP Encapsulation (LIPE)—is described. An LIPE packet comprises at least one multiplexing header (NH) and associated multimedia data packet (MDP). The LIPE packet uses UDP/IP as transport. An MH field further comprises a 16-bit a user identifier (UID) field, an 11 bit length indicator (LNG) field, a 1 bit “more” (M) field and an optional payload type/class of service (PT/CoS) field comprising 8 bits.

Abstract: A fibre channel (FC) signal representing block encoded data is applied to a block decoder, which removes the block encoding from the data. The data is then applied to a simplified data link (SDL) protocol encoder, which maps the data into an SDL protocol packet for transmission over a SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)-based transport medium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for prefetching Internet resources based on the estimated round trip time of the resources. Whenever a user clicks on an embedded hyperlink, the prefetching strategy aims to ensure that the corresponding document has been prefetched or can be fetched very quickly from its origin server. Web access time as perceived by the user is reduced, while also minimizing the network, server and local resource overhead due to prefetching. The estimated round trip time is obtained or approximated for all referenced documents. The “round trip” time or access time of a resource is the time interval between the sending of the first byte of an HTTP request for the resource until the last byte of the server response has arrived at the requesting Web client. Documents with the longest access times are prefetched first and prefetching generally continues until the estimated round trip time falls below a predefined threshold.

Abstract: A decoder, encoder and corresponding system are disclosed for providing fast Forward Error Correcting (FEC) decoding and encoding of syndrome-based error correcting codes. Three-parallel processing is performed by elements of the system. More particularly, in an illustrative embodiment, a decoder performs three-parallel syndrome generation and error determination and calculations, and an encoder performs three-parallel encoding. Low power and complexity techniques are used to save cost and power yet provide relatively high speed encoding and decoding.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for MAP decoding of signals encoded using error correction codes to make maximum probability decisions about each transmitted bit. A MAP decoding algorithm is disclosed that exploits properties of Reed-Muller error correction codes that use q-ary block codes to provide a decoding algorithm having a complexity that is proportional to n logq n for Reed-Muller codes. The disclosed MAP decoding algorithm employs two matrices D and {overscore (D)} to represent the code set and has an overall complexity that is exponential for a general code set. For Reed-Muller codes, the disclosed MAP decoding algorithm employs matrices Bi and {overscore (Bi)} that are sparse matrices (i.e., contain many zero entries), thereby reducing the number of required operations and yielding a complexity that is proportional to n logq n.

Abstract: An application server component of an apparatus in one example communicates to one or more mobile stations, of a plurality of mobile stations, one or more updates of one or more statuses of respective one or more mobile stations of the plurality of mobile stations. The plurality of mobile stations comprise a first mobile station and a second mobile station, wherein the one or more updates of the one or more statuses of the respective one or more mobile stations comprise an update of a status of the first mobile station. The application server component communicates the update of the status of the first mobile station to the second mobile station to indicate to the second mobile station whether the first mobile station is available for participation in a call with the second mobile station.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for adhering dielectric layers to metals, in particular inert metals, using an adhesive layer comprising silicon-rich silicon nitride. Good adhesion is achieved at temperatures of less than 300° C., thereby facilitating the fabrication of semiconductor structures containing II–VI and III–V semiconductors.

Abstract: Uplinked and downlinked transmissions in an interference-limited system, such as a cellular network, are prioritized and authorized by channel quality/data rate to minimize interference.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for reducing occurrences of nuisance calls. A called party identifies a call as an undesired (or “nuisance”) call after answering, screening or reviewing recorded messages of calls. In one embodiment, the called party receives or screens a call and informs a terminating office that it desires to block future calls from the calling party. The terminating office determines the directory number of the calling party and causes the directory number to be added to a blocking database. In another embodiment, a called party reviews one or more prior messages recorded by a messaging system (e.g., answering machine or voicemail system) and flags a message (e.g., message #2) as originating from an undesired caller. The messaging system determines the directory number of the undesired caller and instructs a service provider to add the directory number to a blocking database.

Abstract: A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarity and also has a pattern of holes or trenches that expose a portion of the substrate. The method includes then, epitaxially growing a second layer of a second group III-nitride over the first layer and the exposed portion of substrate. The first and second group III-nitrides have different alloy compositions. The method also includes subjecting the second layer to an aqueous solution of base to mechanically pattern the second layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices and methods for detecting a ligand in a liquid, based on deflection of one or more microscopic cantilevers. Each cantilever has an optical waveguide fixed thereto or integral therewith. Deflection of the cantilever is detected by assessing coupling of light between the optical waveguide on the cantilever and an optical waveguide fixed distally thereto.

Abstract: To deliver packets to the MAC of a roaming mobile in a seamless manner, a proxy ARP is set up, in addition to the usual ARP, and is informed of the COA and MAC address of the mobile. The proxy ARP then informs the last routing switch in the foreign network of the MAC address of the mobile.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for dynamically controlling a high speed wireless communication system to optimize utilization of system resources and increase system throughput. The invention operates to determine an allocation of wireless transmission resources to each user application served by the wireless system in a manner to optimize transmission resources while meeting required QoS criteria for the served user application. After all user applications have been provided a transmission resource allocation in this manner, the total transmission resources so allocated are determined and compared with a ceiling transmission resource level for the wireless system. A portion of the difference between the ceiling and currently allocated transmission resource levels is then made available, according to the invention, to the served user applications in proportion to the initial allocation provided each user application.

Abstract: Where raw location data representing a position of the one or more mobile units is available, vehicular traffic data representing a position of one or more vehicles can be generated based on the raw location for the one or more mobile units. Such generation of vehicular traffic data can include speed-based filtering and/or position-based filtering of the raw location data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for frequency offset estimation and interleaver synchronization, using periodic signature sequences, such as Barker codes. The periodic signature sequence is used for interleaver synchronization or frequency offset estimation or both. The periodic signature sequence is transmitted over a certain number of bins in both the upper and lower sides of the DAB signal. Since the signature sequences are assigned to specific bins known to the receiver, any shift of the correlated peak from the expected location due to frequency offset errors can be estimated by the frequency offset algorithm. If the Barker sequence is placed, for example, in the last column of the DAB interleaver, the location of the Barker sequence upon correlation of the received digital signal identifies the beginning of an interleaver block.

Abstract: There is disclosed in a packet switched network a method of encoding at least two packets into a single block. Each packet is associated with a header portion. The at least two packets are associated with the same user. The method comprises encoding the at least two packets and only one of the associated header portions. An EDGE network utilizing such a method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for fax call blocking. The method includes: receiving a first call intended for an end instrument (10) employed by a user; obtaining a telephone number from which the first call originated; comparing the obtained telephone number against a first database (42) to determine if the obtained telephone number matches a blocked telephone number contained in the first database (42); blocking the first call such that the end instrument (10) is not alerted if a match is found between the obtained telephone number and a blocked telephone number, otherwise providing a connection to the end instrument (10) for the first call; monitoring the connection to detect for fax tone; and, entering the obtained telephone number in the database (42) as a blocked telephone number if fax tone is detected.

Abstract: An interleaving method and apparatus is disclosed for an in-band on-channel (IBOC) digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system. The disclosed interleaver method and apparatus utilize a convolutional interleaver having a row size equal to one OFDM symbol and a time span of arbitrary size. A structured memory block is utilized in the de-interleaver at the receiver having a row size of one OFDM symbol (the number of active sub-carriers in the applicable sub-band of the IBOC system). The self-synchronizing nature of the present invention permits a receiver in an OFDM-based IBOC system to sort the scrambled blocks and descramble the received symbols according to its own frame count, without regard to the frame count of the transmitter. The disclosed interleaver method and apparatus does not require interleaver synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.