Abstract: The method and apparatus for automatically monitoring call processing transactions performed in base stations of a mobile cellular telecommunications switching system. A mobile switching center maintains a list of mobile stations whose calls are being monitored. When one of these mobile stations originates a call, or when an incoming call is received for such a mobile station, the base station originally serving the call is notified, and that base station then transmits messages recording reportable events for that mobile station. When that mobile station is handed off to another base station, the other base station receives an indication from the first base station that it is to monitor the call of that mobile station. When a base station no longer serves a mobile station that is being monitored, it clears the record that the mobile station is to be monitored from its data base.

Abstract: The present invention is a simple method of error detection and correction that is easy to implement in data transmission. The invention presents a self-correcting error coding method that advantageously eliminates bandwidth and power penalty. In addition, feedback error control and data retransmission are not required for implementing the method of the invention. System and transmission channel resources are conserved as a result.

Abstract: A technique for obtaining an intermediate set of frequency dependant features from a speech signal for use in speech processing and in obtaining estimates of speech pitch. The technique utilizes multiple tapers derived from Slepian sequences to obtain a product of the speech signal and the Slepian functions. Multiple tapered Fourier transforms are then obtained from the product, from which the set of frequency dependent features are calculated. In a preferred embodiment, a derivative of the cepstrum of the speech signal is used as an estimate of speech signal pitch. In another preferred embodiment, the F-spectrum is calculated from the product and the F-cepstrum is obtained therefrom by calculating the Fourier transform of the smoothed derivative of the log of the F-spectrum. The maximum of the F-cepstrum also provides a pitch estimation.

Abstract: An optical communications system employs a plurality of optical nodes interconnected in an optical ring transmission configuration by at least two optical transmission media, for example, optical fiber. The at least two optical transmission media, in this example, provide optical service transmission capacity and optical protection transmission capacity. Efficient restoration of optical communications between optical nodes in the optical ring transmission configuration, after an optical transmission media failure, is realized by employing an autonomous optical restoration arrangement and technique. To this end, each node autonomously controls an optical switch matrix in the node in effecting the desired restoration without the need of switch control signals transmitted from any other node in the ring, from a main controller or from a central controller.

Abstract: The remote subscriber line unit provisioning system which operates on a shared facilities basis with the voice communication facilities of the remote subscriber line unit. This architecture eliminates the need for dedicated communication facilities to interconnect the remote subscriber line unit with the central facilities management system.

Abstract: A package housing that is used to retain a wound spool and prevent a wound element from falling away from the spool. The housing includes a base segment having a hub disposed thereon and a recessed area surrounding the hub. The hub is sized to pass into the bottom end of the spool, thereby causing the spool to rest in the recessed area of the base segment of the housing. A cover segment is provided for covering the base segment of the housing and the spool. As a result, the spool becomes interposed between the base segment and the cover segment of the housing. A plurality of feed-through ports are defined between the base segment and the cover of the housing. The first end and the second end of the wound flexible element extend through two of the feed-through ports to points external of the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing chemical-mechanical polishing is disclosed in which the pad is secured to the platen without the use of adhesives. A polishing pad and a platen are secured together by a releasable attractive force; the force may comprise a vacuum or electromagnetic force, and the pad has a hard or magnetic backside layer for facing the plating and responding to the attractive force. This invention has particular application to chemical-mechanical polishing for use in planarizing dielectrics.

Abstract: A method and system for responding to security system inoperability due to damage of a telecommunications line interconnecting the security system to its central monitoring service system requires origination of a wireless telephone call. A wireless unit is interconnected to the security system and originates an emergency call upon detection of telecommunications line abnormalities. Upon establishing a call connection between the wireless unit and the central monitoring service system, the wireless unit relays dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signals which identify the security system affected by the breach so that appropriate authorities may be dispatched. In alternative embodiments, the wireless unit is programmed to place calls to other designated telephone numbers.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatuses for the automatic selection of a telecommunications service provider, for example, an inter-exchange or intra-exchange service provider, from a number of available telecommunications service providers, for a call from a calling station to a called station so that the toll charge for the call is minimized. Specifically, the selection of the least-cost telecommunications service provider is based on an analysis of (a) the estimated duration of the call which is determined in a variety of ways, including using historical call data of the calling station, and (b) telecommunications service provider toll rates and, in particular, current telecommunications service provider discount calling plans. Based on the result of the analysis, the calling station is connected to the selected least-cost telecommunications service provider network so that the toll charge for the particular call is minimized.

Abstract: A router combines free-space and guided wave optics to drastically increase the number of channels used in WDM transmission systems. The two-stage router uses the partial demultiplexing characteristic of an arrayed waveguide router (AWR) combined with a free-space optical router to fully demultiplex an input WDM signal. The two-stage router can be used to obtain output wavelength signals in either one- or two-dimensional arrays.

Abstract: The location of a mobile unit in the service area of a CDMA wireless communications system is determined by a location probability distribution procedure that is based entirely on analytical results derived from an integrated model of the wireless communications system, its RF environment and attribute measurement. The mobile unit measures and reports attribute values of pilot signal strength of all pilot signals visible to the mobile unit at its present location, whereupon a location probability distribution is computed based on a Bayesian probability algorithm including a set of stored model parameters.

Abstract: A facility is provided for use in a communications network node to monitor the way in which particular signals are transported over the network and block those signals which are not being transported correctly. The facility is particularly useful for ensuring that a concatenated signal in a SONET transport system is transported correctly over contiguous channels.

Abstract: The usage detection system establishes a suppressed ringing connection to the subscriber line for either a predetermined extended time interval to enable at least two successive usage readings to be taken, or for a duration as determined by the telemetry equipment to perform the necessary usage readings to detect the presence of usage anomalies. This usage detection system communicates with the serving central office to establish a suppressed ringing connection, the duration of which is either under the control of the usage detection system or the telemetry equipment located at the customer premises. The usage detection system communicates with the telemetry equipment to identify the usage measurements that are desired.

Abstract: A user-programmable bass/treble control circuit is embedded within a conventional remotely located codec. A subscriber station set is capable of transmitting out-of-voiceband “control” tones to increase/decrease bass and treble. A tone detector within the codec recognizes and removes these control tones, forwarding them to a programmable equalization filter inserted in the transmit signal path in the codec. The equalization filter will adjust the bass and treble of the to-be-transmitted signal in accordance with these received control tones. Advantageously, the “listener” at the other end will not hear the tones if the tone detector is inserted before the receiver. The user may adjust the tones during the entire conversation and the filter may be “reset” at call completion.

Abstract: A/D conversion of a current input is performed with integrate-and-fire spiking neurons. Techniques that upcount or downcount the number of spikes fired by one neuron in a time period established by another neuron yield quantized estimates of analog charge residues created by the input current. Recursive application of alternate upcounting and downcounting operations yields successively finer quantization estimates that are terminated by an error-correction operation to obtain the least significant bit of the conversion. A spike-based hybrid state machine (HSM) employing both analog and digital elements is configured to create a 2-step or a successive-subranging analog-to-digital converter. The speed of the conversion is augmented in a pipelined topology. In the HSM, a spike-triggered finite state machine (FSM) controls the input currents to the spiking neurons and is in turn controlled by spikes arising from these neurons.

Abstract: A dangerous driving conditions warning system for a vehicle such as an automobile is described. The warning system captures signals from two or more devices in an automobile, such as speedometer, distance measuring device, and airbag, and conveys the signals to a decision circuit which determines whether a dangerous driving condition exists and outputs an activation signal upon detecting a dangerous condition. The activation signal is sent to and activates an indicator such as a warning light or loud audible warning. The warning indicator alerts a trailing vehicle and other vehicles near the vehicle equipped with the warning system of the existence of one of various conditions warranting caution, a reduction in speed, or a veering or turn.

Abstract: The present invention is an intelligent optical transmitter module that is used to produce optical test signals. The optical transmitter module contains a solid state laser and a microprocessor. The solid state laser produces the test signals which are used to test optical fibers in an optical fiber network. The laser is both monitored by and controlled by the microprocessor. In one embodiment, backface monitoring and optical output coupling power monitoring (using an optical tap) are accomplished within the module in order to more accurately reflect the state of the laser. The microprocessor reads data regarding the performance of the solid state laser which may be output to another control device. The control device utilizes the data from the microprocessor in the analysis of fiber optic loop conditions as well as the laser itself. The microprocessor enables the output levels of the solid state laser to be adjustable by way of a digital to analog converter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include an optical communications system including an apparatus and method for laterally displacing or otherwise steering optical signals passing therethrough. The system comprises a launching device for launching or transmitting an optical signal, a receiving device for receiving an optical signal, and at least one optical guiding element. The optical guiding element is a transmission medium that captures and transmits optical information therethrough and is configured, e.g., via end geometries, to redirect a portion of light propagating in a first direction and entering the first end substantially along its transmission axis and to redirect light propagating along the transmission axis out of the second end in a desired direction, e.g., a second direction laterally displaced from the first direction. Embodiments include angled faces with or without reflective coatings and attached lenses opposing the angled faces.

Abstract: A micromirror array is used to form optical apparatus useful in WDM optical networks. In one embodiment, the micromirror array is used to insert a desired attenuation in individual channels for purposes such as equalization. In another embodiment, the micromirror array is used to form an optical monitor useful as an optical spectrum analyzer.

Abstract: An arrangement for electromagnetically shielding a circuit carrying substrate includes first and second shielding members and a plurality of elastically deformable shielding connectors. The first shielding member has first and second dimensions exceeding first and second dimensions defined by the circuit and is disposed on a first side of the circuit. The second shielding member also has first and second dimensions exceeding first and second dimensions defined by the circuit and is disposed on a second side of the circuit. The first and second shielding members define at least one slot therebetween. Each of the plurality of shielding connectors is both plastically deformable and electrically conductive, and furthermore extends between the first shielding member and the second shielding member. The plurality of shielding connectors are disposed within and throughout said slot and spaced apart by a distance that is less than one-fourth the wavelength of an effective operating frequency of the circuit.