Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for powering-up a microprocessor in a system under debugger control. The microprocessor comprises I/O connection pins, internal logic, and a reset condition responsive to a reset signal. Additionally, the microprocessor has a boundary scan architecture, such as an IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) compliant interface, which includes a boundary scan register (BSR) and at least one design-specific test data register. The BSR has normal and test modes. In the normal mode, the BSR operatively connects the internal logic to the I/O connection pins. In the test mode, the BSR operatively isolates the internal logic from the I/O connection pins. The method comprising first detecting when power is applied to the microprocessor. Once power is detected and while the microprocessor remains in the reset condition, the BSR is put into tile test mode to isolate the internal logic from the I/O connection pins.

Abstract: A method is described for producing coefficient leakage in an adaptive filter/equalizer without the need for using an adder/subtractor for each coefficient. Specifically, a method is provided for incrementally reducing the magnitude of one or more coefficients in an adaptive filter/equalizer solely through a defined manipulation of certain bits in that coefficient, such bit manipulation being carried out on a periodic basis. The period for such bit manipulation will generally track the frequency of adaptation iteration for such a filter/equalizer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring stations from a monitoring terminal wherein at least one of the monitored stations is served by a different switch than that serving the monitoring station. Changes of status are reported by a monitored station to the switch serving the monitored station and, if that switch is not the switch serving the monitoring station, the switch serving the monitored station transmits a common channel signaling (CCS) signaling system 7 (SS7) message to the switch serving the monitoring terminal. Advantageously, this permits an attendant at the monitoring terminal to serve users not connected to the switch serving the monitoring terminal.

Abstract: For use in a power converter having first and second output diodes coupled to a secondary winding of an isolation transformer and first and second output inductors, coupled to the first and second output diodes, respectively, and an output derived from the first and second output inductors and a center tap of the secondary winding, a circuit for, and method of allowing the power converter to provide an output current at multiple output voltages.

Abstract: For use with a power converter having a rectifier that receives current from a secondary side of transformer and delivers the current to an output thereof via an output inductor, a low loss clamp for, and method of, attenuating ringing energy in the secondary side. In one embodiment, the clamp includes: (1) an auxiliary transformer coupled across a component in the secondary side and (2) an auxiliary switch, interposed between the auxiliary transformer and the output, that operates as a function of a voltage of the output to cause the auxiliary transformer to receive at least a portion of the ringing energy and deliver the portion to the output.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and/or receiving variable-length packets (e.g., CDMA packets, CDPD packets) that are associated with different channels and which are multiplexed via a single virtual circuit (e.g., an ATM virtual circuit).

Abstract: The specification relates to a system supporting the transmission of multiple protocols over a single bytestream. The multiple protocol types supported include asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) protocol data units (PDUs), synchronous transfer mode (STM) PDUs, and variable length (VL) PDUs, as well as subtypes included within the aforementioned multiple protocol types. PDUs from higher layers are processed at three intermediate protocol layers where application layer PDUs are prepared, segmented, and repacked as asynchronous block multiplexing (ABM) PDUs. ABM PDUs include a type identification field. Cyclical redundancy checks and other error detection/correction techniques are optionally supported. ABM PDUs are multiplexed within a multiple protocol bytestream. Multiple protocol bytestream support is provided between a transmitter and receiver over a plurality of mediums, including but not limited to coaxial cable, wireless, optical fiber, hybrid fiber/coax, satellite, and twisted pair.

Abstract: A multipoint-to-point wireless System using directional antennas in an indoor environment. Optical pulses in an asynchronous transfer mode network may be converted into radio pulses, which are transmitted by a radio transmitter to a radio receiver, and then may be reconverted into optical pulses. Transmitter antennas having predetermined beamwidths are used and positioned within the indoor environment for transmitting data signals at a selected carrier frequency. A receiver antenna with a predetermined bandwidth is positioned within the indoor environment for receiving data signals transmitted at the selected carrier frequency. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is used so that the output between transmitted data packets is zero, thereby allowing other users to utilize the system during the gap between the packets.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for decoding data which has been encoded using high rate trellis codes, such as rate-k/n convolutional codes. The method of the present invention includes assigning code states to each of a plurality of decoder processing elements; scheduling computation of a plurality of new path metrics within the processing elements using previously-computed path metrics and branch metrics which vary with the encoded data; scheduling access for each of the processing elements to an appropriate set of the previously-computed metrics, such that each of the previously-computed metrics in the appropriate set is accessed in series by a given processing element in order to compute the new path metrics; and using a survivor sequence of path metrics computed in accordance with the scheduling steps to estimate the uncoded data. The path metrics may be efficiently reordered as they are computed to facilitate access thereto for subsequent path metric computation.

Abstract: The simulation of sequences of the visible operations of a process in a concurrent system is performed by synthesizing the finite-state machine for the process from a projected tree. The synthesis procedure includes a parameter that can be adjusted to obtain machines that represent the desired behavior with varying degrees of approximation. An "on-the-fly" version of the invention provides intermediate results while the state space of the system continues to be explored. The finite-state machines may be abstracted to reduce the magnitude of visible operations to be considered to a more manageable level.

Abstract: A reference voltage source has at least one transistor having a base, emitter and collector electrode operating in an active state that has an inherent voltage drop between its base and emitter electrodes to generate a low noise core voltage which is applied to the input of an amplifier to set the amplifier operating point, and thereby the amplifier output, which is the reference voltage. The reference voltage is temperature compensated by providing the amplifier with a feedback loop, or by altering the core voltage applied to the amplifier, or by altering the gain of the amplifier. Several transistors can be connected in series and their base to emitter voltage drops added to change the core voltage value.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a thin film capacitor including a dielectric of nitrogen or silicon-doped tantalum oxide and at least one electrode including chromium. Preferably the capacitor is fabricated by anodically oxidizing TaN.sub.x or Ta.sub.2 Si and forming a Cr counterelectrode. The method is fully compatible with MCM processing. It produces anodic Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 capacitors having exceptionally low leakage currents (<1 nA/cm.sup.2 at 10 V), high breakdown fields (>4 MV/cm) and high capacitance densities (70 nF/cm.sup.2). The devices are stable at 350.degree. C. with excellent capacitor properties and are particularly useful as thin film capacitors of large area (>1 mm.sup.2).

Abstract: A self-correcting and adjustable apparatus and method of predicting remaining capacity (Q) and reserve time (t) of a discharging battery to a selected end voltage determined by an arrangement considering the open circuit voltage (E.sub.oc), battery voltage (V) battery temperature (T) and battery internal resistance (R.sub.int). The apparatus and method of the present invention utilize a calculation process which first compares calculated and measured capacity discharged between two times (Q.sub.dis.calc. -Q.sub.dis.act.). If this difference exceeds a certain predetermined tolerance or limit of error, the calculation process is adjusted or tuned and the comparison is repeated until the difference between the actual capacity and the calculated capacity are within a predetermined tolerance. The calculation process is tuned by adjusting the value attributed to the battery's internal resistance (R.sub.int).

Abstract: An apparatus for performance improvement of a digital wireless receiver comprises a processing circuit for processing a plurality of received signals and providing a processed signal, wherein each of the plurality of received signals is weighted and combined to provide the processed signal; and a generation circuit for computing a weight vector. The weight vector has a number of weights greater than the plurality of received signals and is computed as a least-squares problem solution.

Abstract: It is important to report alarm signals rapidly and reliably to the master control units responsible for automatically responding to these alarm signals. Advantageously this is accomplished by transmitting the alarm signals through a switching network of a telecommunications switch, using auxiliary signaling bits provided with each time slot that is switched through the network. The alarm signals are encoded in groups of eight, using one bit of each of eight related time slots to provide an alarm signal within one frame of a digital transmission signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selectively routing calls between alternate available telephone service providers. The inventive device is operatively connected between a user's telephone instrument and the telephone lines of the various alternate service providers. As the user enters or dials the number representing the intended remote connection, the inventive device analyzes the entered digits. After a sufficient number of digits have been dialed and analyzed, the device automatically chooses the appropriate telephone line over which to send the call, transmits the dialed digits over that line, and connects the telephone instrument to the chosen telephone line.

Abstract: The core of the disclosed novel quantum cascade (QC) laser comprises a multiplicity of nominally identical repeat units, with a given repeat unit comprising a superlattice active region and a carrier injector region. Associated with the superlattice active region is an upper and a lower energy miniband, with the lasing transition being the transition from the lower edge of the upper miniband to the upper edge of the lower miniband. The injector facilitates carrier transport from the lower miniband to the upper miniband of the adjacent downstream repeat unit. QC lasers according to this invention can be designed to emit in the infrared, e.g., in the wavelength region 3-15 .mu.m, and can have high power.

Abstract: Real time data summaries from a common data base are produced within a network. A line document program is stored within the network enabling selective visual analysis and displays of the data when the data when the data summaries are downloaded at computer terminals at a plurality of sites.

Abstract: In a terminal connected to a distribution cable composed of wire pairs corresponding to communication lines, the wire pairs are disposed in an array across index strips. Termination of a selected wire pair corresponding to a communication line is achieved by mounting an insulation displacement connection (IDC) connector on one of the index strips. In the mounting process, the connector makes electrical contact with the selected wire pair. Drop wires may then be connected to the IDC connector, and brought into customer premises to realize the communication line. Unterminated wire pairs are available for termination at another terminal. Advantageously, using one or more terminals to distribute the wire pairs in accordance with the invention obviates, among others, the need for a prior art feeder distribution interface used in the traditional wire pair distribution.

Abstract: Parallel connection control ("PCC") processes and switching networks are described. Various aspects of these PCC processes and networks relate to the provision of an alternative switching connection setup to achieve bandwidth savings or lower cost networks with acceptable setup delay. The new approach provides an alternative to existing switch-by-switch sequential connection setup approaches. In the new approach, segments of the connection are set up by executing operations in parallel. The algorithm and network are also extended to address complex control connection tasks, such as the complex bearer control tasks of third-party connection control, unidirectional multicast connection setup, and multiparty-to-multiparty connection control.