Abstract: A system is disclosed for synthesizing field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations from high level circuit descriptions. A designer may describe circuits using a textual language or a graphics tool. The system will compile such circuit descriptions into technology mapped descriptions for use with FPGA's.The system will support both random logic circuits and data path circuits. The system uses advanced optimization techniques to produce efficient FPGA implementations. Thus, the system produces high quality results while providing users with a high level of abstraction in design, and thus frees the user from architectural details of the target FPGA.

Abstract: A digital optical switch and a method for digital optical modulation are disclosed. The digital optical switch is comprised of an optical waveguide having an input control region, a connection region, and a separation region, and a generator which generates a smoothly varying electric field in an input control region of said optical waveguide and a substantially constant electric field in said separation region of said optical waveguide. The optical waveguide may be either an x-shaped optical waveguide or a y-shaped optical waveguide.

Abstract: The invention conveys network related information utilizing a single bit within a data cell. This is facilitated through a statistical analysis of a plurality of such single bits collected over a period of time from multiple data cells, and provides a level of intelligence beyond a simple indication of whether or not a particular parameter has exceeded a preset threshold. Thus a switch compiling such information can convey more accurate statistical information with respect to a varying parameter related to data cells (such as queue size, current transmission rate or link utilization) being sent to the various receivers within the network. Each receiver can then apply a suitable filter to the stream of received bits to extract the appropriate information, and send that information back to the source. In response, the source adapts the transmission rate or amount of data cells being sent to the switch accordingly.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for prediction coding with motion estimation uses a hierarchical approach in which a motion vector updating routine is performed with respect to multiple levels of smaller and smaller regions of a frame. The motion vector updating routine updates the motion vector of a smaller region by assigning to it a best motion vector selected from among an initial motion vector assigned to the smaller region, motion vectors of neighboring regions, and a matched motion vector obtained by performing a block matching technique for the smaller region. The best motion vector for each region is selected according to a priority scheme and a predetermined threshold value. Adjacent regions having the same motion vector are then merged together, and a region shape representation routine is used to specify contour pixels that will allow the merged regions to be recovered by a decoder. A contour coding routine is then used to encode the contour pixels for transmission to the decoder.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing co-channel interference in multiple-access cellular communication systems in which frame time or frequency slots are allocated between uplink and downlink. An omnidirectional antenna or a set of directional antennas are used in each cell base station to communicate with users. The frame slots in which the antennas communicate uplink and downlink information are arranged in accordance with a predetermined frame organization to reduce mixed co-channel interference (CCI). Mixed CCI occurs when a downlink transmission from one base station antenna in a given cell interferes with uplink reception in another base station antenna in a frequency reuse (FR) cell. A potentially-interfering antenna in a given cell is therefore directed to transmit downlink information in a different portion of the frame than that in which a potentially-interfered-with antenna in the frequency reuse cell receives uplink information.

Abstract: A security node disposed in the telecommunications network connecting calling and called parties transforms information (which can be voice, data, facsimile, video and other types of calls or messages) encrypted in a first format to (a) encrypted information in a different format or to (b) non-encrypted information, and vice-versa. The node is accessible from any location connected to the network. By routing calls or messages originated by the calling party and destined for the called party via the security node, and providing appropriate control signals to the node, the information may be encrypted only over a portion of the transmission path between the parties, and clear over the remainder of the transmission path. Alternatively, the information may be encrypted in different portions of the path using different encryption algorithms.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided that superimposes an image of an optoelectric component on a substrate with the use of a single camera. Specifically, the camera looks through a transparent alignment tool that is holding the component, to the substrate below it, thus allowing both the component and the substrate to be seen together by the camera. The alignment tool and substrate are adjusted to precisely align the two and then are brought together while being seen by the camera. On laser chips, the chip is energized while on the glass alignment tool to produce a laser spot that is superimposed on the visible light image via a series of lenses and mirrors.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of performing signal reconstruction at the receiving end of a communications system that uses a discrete channel estimate of the communications channel for the communications system. The discrete channel estimate is obtained from received discrete signal samples, which have N discrete channel tap components, where N is a positive integer. One method includes the steps of: reconstructing a first discrete signal using N of the discrete channel tap components of the discrete estimate of the communications channel; and reconstructing a second discrete signal using the first reconstructed discrete signal and one of the N discrete channel tap components. Another method includes the steps of: reconstructing a first discrete signal using N of the discrete channel tap components of the discrete estimate of the communications channel; and reconstructing a second discrete signal from the first reconstructed discrete signal by complementing the first reconstructed discrete signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform on an audio signal is disclosed which utilizes a Discrete Fourier Transform. Illustratively, the MDCT spectral coefficients for the signal are generated from the real FFT spectral coefficients.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is described which has an electrical contact formed between a metallic silicide and .alpha.:Si. The method of integrated circuit manufacturing comprising the steps of: forming a layer of a metallic silicide; depositing a layer of .alpha.:Si on said metallic silicide at a temperature less than the recrystallization temperature; and increasing the conductivity of at least selected portions of said .alpha.:Si by ion implanting a species having the peak of its spatial distribution spaced from the .alpha.:Si-Silicide interface and the .alpha.:Si surface.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an electronic device having one or more contact pads is adhered to an array of transferable solder particles on a removable carrier sheet. The carrier is removed, as by dissolving, leaving solder selectively adhered to the contact pads. In a preferred embodiment the solder-carrying medium is water soluble, and the solder particles comprise solder-coated magnetic particles. Application of a magnetic material while the medium is drying or curing, produces a regular array of solder-coated particles. Using this method, devices having smaller than conventional contact structures can be readily interconnected.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling a large time slot interchange (TSI) unit. The TSI unit is a single stage unit for interconnecting any incoming time slot with any outgoing time slot. No blockage is incurred in such a single stage switch. A plurality of module processors is used each for controlling a group of TSI slices, the size of the group being selected to match the capabilities of the module processor. The module processors communicate with each other in order to cooperate in setting up connections through the TSI unit. Each module processor processes terminating, originating, incoming or outgoing processes for calls connected to the terminals served by the module processor. Advantageously, a large non-blocking TSI unit is made available for serving a large switching system without incurring blockage.

Abstract: Data recovery is simplified when there is a known interval between packets by using the information about time between packet starts to adjust the receiver clock rather relying solely on the information conveyed by the received bits. Information about packet length may also be used.

Abstract: A Virtual Mobile Location Area (VMLA) personalized to the particular roaming habits of a mobile phone user, employing predetermined grouping of cells arranged in the order of likelihood that the mobile phone users will be in that grouping.

Abstract: A memory system contains one or more active storage elements. Each active storage element includes a memory element and a processing element associated with the memory element. The memory element contains microcode for implementing a specific function. A first bus connects the processing element to a host processor. A second bus connects the processing element to a peripheral.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a field emission device is made by disposing emitter material on an insulating substrate, applying masking particles to the emitter material, applying an insulating film and a gate conductor film over the masking particles and emitter material and removing the particles to reveal a random distribution of apertures to the emitter material. The result is a novel and economical field emission device having numerous randomly distributed emission apertures which can be used to make low cost flat panel displays.

Abstract: A process for producing a parallel processor system having the minimum number of microprocessors necessary execute in real time a set of tasks of a multi-tasking application such that execution of an activity of a first task is followed by execution of an activity of a second task. The process includes the step of selecting an initial number of microprocessors for executing the application in real-time. The selecting step includes placing in a first column of a matrix all real-time constrained tasks specific to the application and associating a row of dependent tasks with each task placed in the first column of the matrix to define a plurality of task subsets, each subset incorporating a maximum number of intradependent tasks and a minimum number of interdependent tasks and the number of subsets corresponding to the initial number of microprocessors. The inventive process further includes the steps of listing dependencies between rows in a second column of the matrix, assigning a priority p.sub.

Abstract: A signal bias removal (SBR) method based on the maximum likelihood estimation of the bias for minimizing undesirable effects in speech recognition systems is described. The technique is readily applicable in various architectures including discrete (vector-quantization based), semicontinuous and continuous-density Hidden Markov Model (HMM) systems. For example, the SBR method can be integrated into a discrete density HMM and applied to telephone speech recognition where the contamination due to extraneous signal components is unknown. To enable real-time implementation, a sequential method for the estimation of the bias (SSBR) is disclosed.

Abstract: A successive approximation circuit and method are disclosed for digitally approximating a moving signal using an analog-digital converter (ADC) and a comparator for generating a comparison signal from the moving signal. An estimate register and a bit and conversion control circuit are provided, with the bit and conversion control circuit including a bit control circuit and a conversion control circuit, where the bit control circuit adjusts a current plurality of output bits to compensate for an error due to a slew rate to generate the digitally approximated moving signal. An adder is included for adding the control value to the current plurality of output bits to generate the next plurality of output bits. Alternatively, an adjustment selection circuit and a logic chain circuit are included.