Abstract: A compact low-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp comprises two or more straight tubes which are interconnected at their ends to form one discharge chamber between two electrodes located in the outermost ends of the lamp. These ends are connected in a gas-tight manner to a lamp base incorporating the requisite contact pins and conductors. Down stream of the electrodes in the direction of the discharge current are tube constrictions which define spaces around the electrodes in which released ions from the electrode emission material are held concentrated, so as to fall back onto the electrode surface upon each change in current phase. The invention includes a method including several specific operating parameters, for making the glass envelope of the invention lamp.

Abstract: A protective layer of BaSO.sub.4 or BaSO.sub.4 mixed with SiO.sub.2 is applied in suspension to the inner surface of the glass discharge tube or envelope of a gas discharge lamp of the metal vapour type. The protective layer prevents contact, e.g., of mercury in the discharge chamber with amalgam-forming substances present in the glass surface of the lamp discharge tube. In addition, the crystals of the protective layer re-reflect shortwave ultraviolet radiation back to the layer of luminescent substance, thereby to generate visible light and increasing the efficiency of the lamp. The protective layer results in a marked decrease in the prior art's accepted reduction in the lamp luminance in relation to lamp burning time.

Abstract: A method for producing a compact gas-discharge tube, or lamp, and the tube or lamp so produced, comprising making at least two U-shaped main tube components of glass tube. The tube components are joined together at one limb to form a closed, continuous discharge chamber provided with electrodes at each outer end thereof and a layer of fluorescent substance on the inner glass surface thereof. The main tube components are joined together by heating an obliquely cut, free limb and of one main tube component and joining this heated end to a corresponding, heated end of a second main tube component. The resultant connection is formed while applying heat and is bent in a manner such as to have a U-shaped configuration, substantially devoid of discontinuities.

Abstract: An adapter for connecting a compact gas vapor electric-discharge lamp to standardized incandescent lamp fittings. The adapter (11) comprises a coupling housing (12), a holder part (13) for the base (14) of the lamp, and a conventional incandescent-lamp base (15). The adapter has a basic form corresponding substantially to the lower part of a standard incandescent lamp. The upper part of the adapter is formed by the holder part (13), which presents a central recess (21) into which the base (14) of the lamp (17) can be inserted, and a reflective cover plate (22), which surrounds the recess (21). The ignition and drive circuits (16) of the electric-discharge lamp includes an electronic frequency converter for converting mains frequency to a high frequency. The constituent electrical components are incorporated both around the recess (21) and in the lamp base (15) and are mutually connected via a circuit card (18) arranged between these parts.

Abstract: A compact low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp comprises two or more straight tubes which are interconnected by arcuate connecting means (12) to form a discharge chamber between two electrodes (9). These electrodes are located in the distal ends (2, 3) of the lamp, and the ends (2, 3) are connected in a gas-tight manner to a lamp base (8) incorporating necessary contact pins (6, 7) and electrical conductors (8). The interconnecting means (12) presents a spine (13) which extends along the means (12). When seen in cross-section, the spine (13) exhibits an acute angle which defines a condensation space for condensation of mercury vapor used in the lamp. As a result of the shape of the spine (13) the mercury vapor condenses outside the circular cross-section area (14) where the positive column is formed during operation of the lamp, the discharge current passing in this column.

Abstract: A combustion chamber (1; 101), is surrounded by a heater (4; 104), by means of which a constant temperature in the order of 850.degree. C. can be maintained in the chamber (1; 101). The chamber (1; 101) has arranged therein devices (17, 18, 117) which, when the arrangement is in operation, partly obstruct the passage of gas through the chamber. The waste gases to be treated are introduced into the chamber (1; 101) through an inlet (2; 102) and the treated, residual waste gas is discharged from the chamber through an outlet (3; 103). The arrangement also includes a supply line (14,15,16, 114,115) for supplying pre-heated reaction medium to the interior of the chamber (1; 101).

Abstract: This process enables the recovery of mercury from waste containing plastic material, e.g. batteries. The waste is slowly heated while an inert gas is being introduced in a vacuum for fractionating extraction of the products of the decomposition of the plastic. The waste gases must pass through an afterburner chamber incorporating a specially shaped burner where the plastic vapors are fully combusted. The waste gases are conducted from the afterburner chamber through a cooling trap and then through a cold trap in which the mercury is condensed and can be drained off. The final stage of the process is carried out in a pulsating vacuum by the inert gas.The device in which the process takes place consists of a heated heat isolated treatment chamber (2), an afterburner chamber (6), a cooling trap (7), a cold trap (18) and a vacuum pump (23, 24) connected with pipelines (5, 12, 21).

Abstract: This process enables the recovery of mercury from waste containing plastic material, e.g. batteries. The waste is slowly heated while an inert gas is being introduced in a vacuum for fractionating extraction of the products of the decomposition of the plastic. The waste gases must pass through an afterburner chamber incorporating a specially shaped burner where the plastic vapors are fully combusted. The waste gases are conducted from the afterburner chamber through a cooling trap and then through a cold trap in which the mercury is condensed and can be drained off. The final stage of the process is carried out in a pulsating vacuum by the inert gas.The device in which the process takes place consists of a heated heat isolated treatment chamber (2), an afterburner chamber (6), a cooling trap (7), a cold trap (18) and a vacuum pump (23, 24) connected with pipelines (5, 12, 21).

Abstract: A method of afterburning flue gases comprises passing impure gases from, for example, an incineration plant such as a destructor, process furnace, crematory furnace or heating boiler, through a burner in an afterburner where through enforced mixture with combustion gas they undergo complete combustion. The combustion gas, depending on the composition of the flue gases, may comprise air or oxygen or either mixed with petroleum gas. In apparatus for implementation of the method, the flue gases and the combustion gas are introduced into a burner which blows the gas mixture into a flame bowl where temperatures in the range of from 1,500.degree.-2,000.degree. C. can be achieved. In one embodiment, the burner produces a conical basket-shaped flame in which the flue gases undergo complete combustion.

Abstract: This process enables the recovery of mercury from waste containing plastic material, e.g. batteries. The waste is slowly heated while an inert gas is being introduced in a vacuum for fractionating extraction of the products of the decomposition of the plastic. The waste gases must pass through an afterburner chamber incorporating a specially shaped burner where the plastic vapors are fully combusted. The waste gases are conducted from the afterburner chamber through a cooling trap and then through a cold trap in which the mercury is condensed and can be drained off. The final stage of the process is carried out in a pulsating vacuum by the inert gas.The device in which the process takes place consists of a heated heat isolated treatment chamber (2), an afterburner chamber (6), a cooling trap (7), a cold trap (18) and a vacuum pump (23, 24) connected with pipelines (5, 12, 21).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process and apparatus for dissolving a molybdenum core wire in a tungsten filament coil which comprises reacting the filament coil in a sealed reaction vessel fitted with at least one liquid trap with an acid mixture containing nitric acid, sulfuric acid and water in the presence of an oxygen containing gas wherein the amount of the oxygen containing gas is controlled by a liquid level sensing device attached to the liquid trap. The invention enables efficient conversion of nitrogen oxide gases to nitric acid and recovery of molybdenum from the reaction vessel.

Abstract: An improved electric lamp of the type wherein a transparent bulb is sealed to a terminal socket cap and contains a foamed cap cement which substantially fills the interior of said terminal cap. The foamed cap cement contains a small amount of a halogen-containing material and functions to extinguish electric arcs generated in the cap.