Abstract: An extraction apparatus includes a brewing module for receiving a capsule with an extraction material. The brewing module includes a first brewing module part and a second brewing module part, the second brewing part being movable relative to the first brewing part. The first and the second brewing module parts form a discharge device for the discharge of an extraction product out of the capsule, and an introduction device for introducing an extraction fluid into the capsule. A sealing system for such an extraction apparatus includes a seal having at least one circumferential sealing lip and/or one circumferential sealing bead, which bears on a surface of the capsule in a line-like or strip-like manner and presses the capsule wall against the capsule interior.

Abstract: A brewing method including the steps of providing a capsule, introducing the capsule into a brewing module with an injector for introducing a brewing liquid into the capsule and a discharging device for discharging a brewed product, closing a brewing chamber of the brewing module so that at least one injection-side perforation element of the injector pierces a capsule injection-side covering surface along a cutting line, introducing under pressure a brewing liquid into the region between a capsule injection-side supporting surface and a capsule injection-side covering surface such that the liquid pressure causes a capsule extraction-side covering surface to be displaced towards the capsule interior while an encompassing capsule seal holds a circumferential lateral surface of the capsule, and brewing liquid enters the capsule interior, and maintaining the pressure on the brewing liquid at least until the brewed product emerges from discharge openings produced in capsule extraction-side covering surface.

Abstract: An extraction apparatus includes a brewing module for receiving a capsule with an extraction material. The brewing module includes a first brewing module part and a second brewing module part, the second brewing part being movable relative to the first brewing part. The first and the second brewing module parts form a discharge device for the discharge of an extraction product out of the capsule, and an introduction device for introducing an extraction fluid into the capsule. A sealing system for such an extraction apparatus includes a seal having at least one circumferential sealing lip and/or one circumferential sealing bead, which bears on a surface of the capsule in a line-like or strip-like manner and presses the capsule wall against the capsule interior.

Abstract: A coffee capsule is provided, the outer dimensions of which are matched to the size of a filtered-coffee capsule, but which has a separating element that separates an empty area from an extraction-material area. Furthermore, at least one liquid channel is provided, which passes through the empty area for example. The liquid channel or liquid channels and the extraction-material area are designed in such a way that water introduced into the capsule at an injection location or a beverage produced in the capsule substantially does not enter the empty area.

Abstract: A capsule to form a closed interior filled with an extraction product or extract can be perforated in a known manner by perforation elements of an injection device or a discharge device in order to introduce an extraction liquid and to discharge an extraction product produced in the interior of the capsule following an extraction process. The capsule has the shape of a cuboid or a die.

Abstract: A discharge device is provided including a supporting surface to rest against a surface region of a capsule as well as at least one perforating element protruding from said supporting surface, wherein a screen element is provided in the supporting surface having a plurality of screen perforations through which the extraction product can be discharged, the extraction product escaping out of the capsule through one of the openings created by the perforating element.

Abstract: Complex data is obtained from OFDR backscatter measurements for an optical device under test (DUT). That complex scatter pattern data may be used along with a previously-determined fiber segment pattern to identify the fiber segment within the DUT, even when the DUT is an optical network DUT that includes multiple fibers coupled to perform one or more functions. In other non-limiting example applications, the OFDR scatter pattern data can be used to identify where in the DUT a loss occurred and where in the DUT a temperature change occurred.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for correcting errors generated by a laser with non-ideal tuning characteristics, the apparatus comprises a laser having non-ideal tuning characteristics. At least three interferometers are positioned in an operable relationship to the laser, wherein a sampling interferometer and at least one auxiliary interferometer correct for residual errors resulting from the laser; and wherein a measurement interferometer makes a measurement. A signal acquisition system is positioned in an operable relationship to each interferometer and a processor is positioned in an operable relationship to the signal acquisition system.

Abstract: An electric lamp may be designed as a reliable and inexpensive secondary source of light when electric power to the electric lamp is lost. A nearly transparent photoluminescent sleeve may be extruded or injection molded from clear thermoplastic materials containing photoluminescent pigments. This sleeve is then fit around the electric lamp. Radiant energy from the electrical lamp is stored in the sleeve during normal operation of the electric lamp. When the electric lamp is extinguished, the photoluminescent sleeve reradiates light by photoluminescence for many days. Novel linear path marking systems may be developed by fitting a series of electric lamps, for example, along the length of the exit path, with a photoluminescent sleeve that may then be used as a secondary source of light when the electric lamp is extinguished due to a power disruption.

Abstract: In order to characterize the optical characteristics of a device, a source of light having a variable frequency with a polarization state which varies linearly with frequency is provided as an input to the device under test. The input light is also passed through a known reference path and is added to the light output from the device under test in a beam combiner. The combined light for the frequencies of interest is split into two orthogonal polarizations which are then detected in a spectral acquisition apparatus and supplied to a microprocessor. The spectral measurements are digitized and curve-fitted to provide optical power versus optical frequency curves. Fourier transforms of each of the curves are calculated by the microprocessor. From the Fourier transforms, the four arrays of constants are calculated for the Jones matrix characterizing the device under test.

Abstract: In order to characterize the optical characteristics of a device, a source of light having a variable frequency with a polarization state which varies linearly with frequency is provided as an input to the device under test. The input light is also passed through a known reference path and is added to the light output from the device under test in a beam combiner. The combined light for the frequencies of interest is split into two orthogonal polarizations which are then detected in a spectral acquisition apparatus and supplied to a microprocessor. The spectral measurements are digitized and curve-fitted to provide optical power versus optical frequency curves. Fourier transforms of each of the curves are calculated by the microprocessor. From the Fourier transforms, the four arrays of constants are calculated for the Jones matrix characterizing the device under test.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for correcting errors generated by a laser with non-ideal tuning characteristics, the apparatus comprises a laser having non-ideal tuning characteristics. At least three interferometers are positioned in an operable relationship to the laser, wherein a sampling interferometer and at least one auxiliary interferometer correct for residual errors resulting from the laser; and wherein a measurement interferometer makes a measurement. A signal acquisition system is positioned in an operable relationship to each interferometer and a processor is positioned in an operable relationship to the signal acquisition system.

Abstract: A storage apparatus for storing an object, such as a bicycle, in an elevated storage position. The storage apparatus includes an elongated track mountable to a wall, and a support mechanism for receiving the bicycle. A mounting assembly mounts the support mechanism to the elongated track such that the support mechanism can move along the track between a loading position, wherein the bicycle can be loaded onto the support mechanism, and a storage position, wherein the bicycle on the support mechanism is elevated relative to the loading position. A drive assembly is operable for moving the support mechanism between the loading and storage positions. The drive assembly includes a drive mechanism for preventing movement of the support mechanism between the loading and storage positions upon operation of the drive assembly when the object on the support mechanism exceeds a maximum weight limit of the storage apparatus. The mounting assembly includes first and second resilient members.