Abstract: A light-emitting device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting active material contacting and separating the first and second electrodes. The device comprises a combination of a conjugated polymer and an electrolyte, said electrolyte comprising ions, allowing for electrochemical doping of the conjugated polymer. In the device, a ratio between the ions and the conjugated polymer is selected to allow for the formation of: (i) a doped region at the respective electrode interface, which allows for injection and transport of electronic charge carriers into and through the doped regions, respectively, at zero or low overpotential, and (ii) an effectively undoped region, separating the doped regions, wherein injected electronic charge carriers are recombineable under excitation of the conjugated polymer and the polymer is de-excitable under the emission of light.