Abstract: A reactor comprises a vertically elongated cylindrical housing with at least one bottom in the housing which supports a catalyst bed which is permeable to gas and through which heat exchanger tubes extend. The construction includes a cylindrical wall within the housing which encloses the catalyst. The housing is constructed so that a cover thereof may be removed to lift the bottom together with the cylindrical wall and the catalyst bed with the tubes out of the housing. The cylindrical wall is advantageously formed by finned tubes. The construction advantageously includes upper and lower header portions and the heat exchanger tubes which extend through the bed are bent at each end and extend into these headers. In an alternate embodiment, the reactor has more than one bottom at spaced vertical locations. Coolant is advantageously supplied through one of the headers of the heat exchanger tubes, for example, a lower one for exit out through the upper one.

Abstract: Workpieces which are formed by the build-up of weld metal are treated and cooled by directing a fluid such as water in a large stream so that rapid and intensive cooling of the surfaces of the workpiece is achieved by creating a laminar water flow. A water quantity is directed to reach the workpiece surface in a laminar flow and it is permitted to flow over the workpiece as the water is sucked off before it reaches its boiling point at the rate of flow to the workpiece and away from the workpiece being sufficient to prevent the formation of steam. The water which is employed is advantageously recooled to its initial temperature by the withdrawing effect created by an air fan.

Abstract: A differential holographic method and arrangement for measuring and testing the changing conditions of objects or articles, in which there are taken intermediate holograms of an unflawed reference object, and from which there are employed the reconstructed object waves of the reference object in order to illuminate the test object for a holographic exposure. Two reference beams record two intermediate holograms of the reference object on one holographic plate, and successively illuminate the test object with the reconstructed object wave fields from the intermediate holograms with utilization of the associated conjugated reference beams.

Abstract: A fresh-gas intake system for engines with combination supercharging, i.e. exhaust gas turbocharging combined with resonance supercharging. The object is to improve such a system so as to make it very compact. On the one hand, the otherwise usual plenum tank is omitted, and on the other hand the incorporation of the resonance pipes in the integral unit, as well as the supply of the fresh gas, is improved. This is essentially achieved in that at least one resonance tank is formed with such a length that it extends over all of the inlet port openings of all of the in-line cylinders, and in that the fresh gas supplied by the turbocharger is delivered via a supply cover into the resonance pipes.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for the functional testing of computers used in the control of processes. A data word signal generated by the computer is compared in a comparator with a test word of the same bit length generated by a pseudo-random number generator. When the two words are completely coincident, the comparator issues a trigger pulse to two non-retriggerable monoflops which provide a time frame and the function of which is acknowledged dynamically to the computer through an acknowledgement line, which provides a shift clock pulse for the pseudo-random number generator upon the lapse of the window frame. When a fault arises in the computer or in the check unit, an alarm unit is triggered through an NOR gate to transfer the process into a defined safe state. All faults in the check unit itself can be detected by the computer through acknowledgement lines.

Abstract: A common coolant circuit for cooling an internal combustion engine, on the one hand, and the charge air and possibly other media, on the other hand. In order to achieve a constant positive flow through the charge air cooler (intercooler) of a coolant which is at a low temperature level of 45.degree. C. or less and, respectively, to ensure rapid heating of the engine after cold starting, a single four-way thermostat incorporating a double valve is provided. In the cold starting mode, the valve causes a bypass operation of the coolant in the cooling jacket of the engine and the coolant in the common cooling circuit, in conjunction with a separate coolant pump for each. In the hot operating mode, the valve controls circulation of a pre-determined coolant flow in the cooling circuit. The thermostat element of the thermostat is constantly exposed, during this process, to a pre-determined coolant flow from the cooling jacket of the engine (more specifically the coolant outlet of the engine).

Abstract: A simple-to-construct noise-isolated fastening of an oil sump to a crankcase using an intermediate layer of elastic material. In this concept, the oil sump and crankcase are not connected by screws or bolts, but by spring clips which are lined with soft elastic material and which, in the connected condition, elastically engage shaped connecting flanges of the crankcase and oil sump.

Abstract: A method for operating a reactor for producing synthesis gas, wherein, after gas treatment, a part of the waste heat of the gas production is recycled by subjecting the fly ash-free, cooled synthesis gas to a high-temperature conversion, cooling it again, compressing it, scrubbing it and reheating it, and returning it after partial oxidation into the continuous process.

Abstract: In order to prevent the formation of fissures or tears in the walls of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, hardening tracks (4) generated by a carbon dioxide laser, are placed parallel to each other at an angle of inclination (.alpha.) with respect to the axis (3) of the wall of the cylinder or cylinder liner, and spaced from each other by a distance (X) which is greater than twice the distance (k) between the maxima (9, 10) of tension resulting in the operation of the ICE from the edges of the hardening track, thereby satisfying the condition: X is greater than 2.times.k.

Abstract: A hydrostatic or hydrodynamic shaft seal comprises a ring revolving with the shaft and an axially movable static ring which is sealed against the housing by two O-rings and forms, with the revolving ring, radial seal gaps. An incompressible fluid flows and stabilizes the seal gaps and the static seal ring has a cavity for receiving the stopping or cooling liquid. A number of tensioning spring elements are arranged on the circumference or end of the static ring which take support against a ring which serves as a pressure limiting valve.

Abstract: Each cylinder of a supercharged four-stroke internal combustion engine is provided with a multi-purpose duct which passes from the compressed air manifold to the exhaust manifold and has a short branch within the cylinder head structure leading directly downward to connect with the cylinder where a single valve is provided to admit intake air and pass out exhaust gas. The multi-purpose duct curves around in a part of a spiral above the cylinder near the branching place and enters laterally in the portion of the duct that leads off to the exhaust manifold, so that a relatively high resistance to flow keeps the pressure in the compressed air duct from being unduly diminished while flow of air bypassing the cylinder between the compressed air and the exhaust ducts serves to increase the amount of working gas in the supercharger. The duct is shaped so as to keep very low the resistance to the flow of air into the cylinder and the flow of exhaust gas out of the cylinder.

Abstract: A radiator-fan system, particularly for buses with rear-mounted engines, with the system being fitted with a bevel gear drive and notwithstanding larger dimensions, being accommodated in the restricted space of the engine compartment of the vehicle.

Abstract: A heat exchange element of the air-tube type for a heat exchanger unit. The heat exchange elements are connected via flexible connecting lines with the liquid supply and withdrawal channels, which are separated from the heat exchange elements. Together with these channels, the elements are supported on a support structure which has a relatively large open support interval. The heat exchange elements have a relatively short dimension in the longitudinal direction of the tubes through which the air flows. So that no tension forces occur at the transition surfaces between the elements and the walls of the liquid supply and withdrawal channels, the top and bottom surfaces of the heat exchange elements are curved in a dish-shaped manner.

Abstract: A liquid sealed shaft seal for a rotatable shaft comprises a housing disposed around the shaft and defining a seal chamber which can be supplied with sealing liquid. A seal disc is fixed to the shaft and extends into the chamber. An axially movable piston is mounted on the housing for axial movement toward and away from a side face of the seal disc. The piston is provided with a slide ring which engages the slide disc when the shaft is at a standstill and which, through a circumferentially induced increase in pressure for the sealing liquid in the chamber, is moved axially away from the disc when the shaft and disc rotate. A resilient bellows is connected between the piston and the housing for biasing the piston toward the disc.

Abstract: An arresting device for preventing a steel making converter which is carried by a trunnion for moving itself during the blowing operation includes a rotatable bearing support for the trunnion or trunnion parts which extend from each side of the bessimer converter which carries a braking disc which is secured to at least one of the trunnion parts. The disc is advantageously mounted so as to be perpendicular to the axis of the trunnion. The trunnion is rotable on bearings carried on bearing supports on each side of the trunnion and a compresser mechanism including two braking jaws engage the disc from respective sides in braking contact therewith.

Abstract: The pressure container of fiber-reinforced resin having a cylindrical body and domed ends differs from designs proposed so far inasmuch as the reinforcing layer is not on the outside but on the inside of the wall in the form of lining, and is so placed as to overlap transitions between the domed ends and the cylindrical body of the container. This safeguards the transitions against damage by pressure-induced strains. For the production of such a pressure container the reinforcing layer is first produced and the rest of the container wall is formed on top of it.

Abstract: Heat exchangers which, through convection or radiation, are designed to absorb varyingly high energy flow about the circumference of their heat transmission walls. The cross-sectional area of the heat exchanger is subdivided into two or more flow passageways by means of inserts in such a manner, that the temperature differences and thermal stresses in the wall resulting from the high differing energy densities are reduced or even prevented. Achieved hereby is an extensively balanced temperature about the circumference of the heat exchanger wall so as to eliminate injurious thermal stresses.

Abstract: A method and device for automatically steering a trackless vehicle along a routing or guide line. A scanner senses the position of the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle with respect to the guide line and produces a position signal. A datum transmitter produces a datum signal. A comparator compares the two signals and produces a difference signal which is used by a control unit to produce a steering signal. In producing the steering signal, the device distinguishes between influences on the vehicle position caused by interference, e.g., wind gusts and rough roads, and influences caused by curvature of the guide line. The steering signal causes adjustment of the steering angle of the vehicle to minimize the distance between a reference point on the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle and the guide line.

Abstract: Apparatus for guiding a trackless vehicle along an A.C. conductor marking a roadway, having at least two sensors to detect a magnetic field emanating from the current conductor the output signals of which are routed to interpretive electronics. The interpretive electronics include a phase-locked loop (PPL) the input signal to which is the output signal of one of the sensors, and the output signal of which is used for demodulation, by mixers, of the sensor signals.

Abstract: Instead of teeth or similar cutting or loosening means, oscillating nozzles are arranged on the outer backs and the outer side walls of the buckets of the bucketwheel of a bucketwheel excavator, the nozzles being capable of being supplied with liquid, in particular water, at high pressure. These nozzles enable the excavator to strip or mine deposits of high hardness and strength as well as highly abrasive deposits with reduced outage periods and reduced force required for digging as well as lower capital costs and operating costs. In addition to the oscillating nozzles, fixed nozzles may additionally be provided which produce cuts in the material to be excavated whereby the formation of large lumps is prevented.