Abstract: A boomstick is formed from an elongated hollow cylindrical body divided into plurality of compartments by axially spaced traversed partitions and enclosed at its end by sealing end caps. Preferably, an axially extending keel forming ballast will be provided to orient the boomstick and axially extending stabilizers will be symmetrically spaced on opposite sides of the body portions spaced from the ballast. The whole boomstick is coated with a polyethylene coating sufficiently thick to protect cylindrical body and to receive the caulks of workmen without damaging the body portion while providing a good retention between the caulks and the coating to better ensure the comfort and safety of the workmen.

Abstract: A closable container is formed by a bottom tray having upwardly and outwardly flaring side wall and a cooperating gable-shaped top closure having side wall with a rear side wall of the top foldably interconnected with a rear side wall of the bottom tray along the length thereof. Flaps extending from the top front and rear walls connect these walls to their respective adjacent top side walls to form the gabled shaped top closure and are provided with extensions each of which projects away from the top wall of the top closure a distance farther than the free edge of the top side wall to which it is connected. These projections extend beyond the top edge of their adjacent bottom side walls and help to ensure proper alignment of the top closure and bottom tray. The front walls of the bottom tray and of the gabled top are formed respectively with an undercut and a cooperating tongue adapted to interact to hold the gabled top in close position over the bottom tray.

Abstract: A vane typed orienter is formed by a plurality of spaced parallel shafts having radial extending axially spaced disks mounted thereon. Passages are formed between the disks and adjacent disks on adjacent shafts define sides of such passages. A vane element is provided to complete the wall formed by a pair of adjacent disks forming one wall of a passage and at least substantially fills the lower gap formed between the peripheries of the adjacent disks forming the one wall.

Abstract: A log scanning system applies circumferentially spaced, traverse scans along the length of the log to provide a longitudinal density scan for each of the scans made. Each scan is made up of rows of density dependent pixels sensed by specific detector (scan line) and columns of density dependent pixels sensed by adjacent detectors arranged transversely of the log. The signals generated along each row to are filtered to produce a clean signal scan line and each clean scan line is processed to determine positive peaks. The positive peaks are plotted to form an image and adjacent peaks in adjacent rows and columns are joined to provide a spine image depicting spines of detected knots in each scan. Knot shapes are then defined by reprocessing each scan along the rows or scan lines to determine the knot boundaries on each side of each of the spine lines based on pixels displaying a selected minimum density and these shapes applied to the spine image to provide a reconstructed scan.

Abstract: A closable tray is provided by a bottom tray having upwardly and outwardly flaring pairs of mutually perpendicular side walls. The side walls of one such pair is longer than the side walls of the other pair and is provided with tongue receiving slots positioned spaced from the bottom wall a distance substantially equal to the spacing of supporting surfaces provided along the top edge of the walls of the other pair of opposed walls. A cooperating cover is formed by a planer top member, two pairs of mutually opposed tongues projecting in opposite directions therefrom. The planer top member preferably is slightly convex on each of its sides and each of tongue members extend from the widest portion of its respective side of the top member. The tray and cover are dimensional so that one pair of opposed tongue member cooperates with the tongue slots and the other pair of tongue members are supported on the support surfaces of the bottom tray when the cover member closes the bottom tray.

Abstract: The amount of coating applied by an applicator is locally adjusted by locally disturbing the flow to the metering outlet, for example, by locally bleeding selected amounts of coating from the metering chamber of the coater to thereby controllably profile the amount of coating applied.

Abstract: A method of bleaching a chemical pulp by adjusting the pH of the pulp to 1.5-3.5, chelating the pulp and then treating the pulp in an N stage with nitric oxide (NO) in the amount of at least 1.5% by weight of the oven dried pulp at a consistency of between 30 and 55% and further treating the pulp in a Z stage with ozone to produce a bleach pulp having a higher viscosity for a given permanganate number compared with a similar pulp bleached without using the N stage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting residual ink in a sample by illuminating by diffused infra-red light a series of spots on a sample and examining a small area on each spot by collecting light in a video camera to form a frame for each spot, digitizing each of the frame and detecting areas in the frames having a brightness below a selected level to determine the total dark area of each frame. The number of such frames processed in a set of frames used to categorize the sample is defined when a certain minimum number of frames have been processed and when a selected degree of convergence of the data collected for the set and the data from the frame currently being processed is obtained, or after a preset maximum number of frames have been processed. The sample is characterised on the basis of the ratio of the dark area to the total area processed.

Abstract: Method for treating chemically treated cellulosic pulp that contains sodium ions wherein the pulp is subjected to an ion exchange with a cation (preferably calcium) having a higher valence than the sodium followed by washing of the sodium cations from the pulp and then forming the pulp containing the cations in an amount equivalent to at least 700 ppm of calcium ions into a sheet thereby to facilitate water removal and increase the production rate of the sheet forming machine.

Abstract: A wood product is protectively coated while maintaining the appearance of wood without discoloration by applying to the surface of a dry wood member a sealer coating containing a cyclic epoxy and an anhydride and curing the sealer, while reacting, at least a portion of the epoxy with lignin in the wood and at least a portion of the anhydride with cellulose and lignin in the wood, to bind the sealer to the wood, and cross linking cellulose, followed by applying a protective coating over the sealer before the sealer has been cured completely to bind the protective coating to the sealer. The protective coating provides a barrier to UV penetration and increases the durability of the surface.

Abstract: A method of brightening mechanical pulps by chelating and thickening to reduce the manganese content of the pulp to less than 30 parts per million and copper content less than 1 parts per million by adding ions preferably magnesium ions as magnesium sulphate MgSO.sub.4 in the amount of 400 to 3,000 ppm Mg ions retained by the pulp based on the oven dry weight of the pulp and thereafter applying a bleaching liquor composed of peroxide as hydrogen peroxide and an alkali as sodium hydroxide having a ratio of alkali to peroxide of between 1--1 and 2-1 in an amount to apply between 1 to 8 percent peroxide based on the oven dry weight of the pulp and containing no added sodium silicate. Preferably the bleaching liquor will contain magnesium sulphate in the amount of about 0.001 to 0.1% based on the oven dry weight of the pulp.

Abstract: The removal of manganese from pulp is enhanced by supplementing the treatment with a chelating agent by the addition of at least 500 ppm of magnesium ions prior to thickening of the pulp thereby to reduce the manganese content of the thickened pulp significantly more than the content would be reduced by the treatment with the chelating agent without the magnesium ions.

Abstract: An identification or data tag composed of a central set of data cells surrounded by border cells which cooperate with their adjacent data cells by contrasting therewith to form a reference perimeter defined by the inter-sections of the boundaries of the border cells with their respective adjoining data cells.

Abstract: To detect roughness on a travelling surface of a web such as paper a beam of polarized light is directed at an angle onto the web and focused by a focal lens to illuminate a spot on the surface and a specularly reflected component of the light is collected through a second lens focused on the spot. A detector is aligned to receive a portion of the specularly reflected collimated light from the spot passing through a selecting aperture and generates a signal depending on the intensity of the specular light passing through the aperture and received by the detector thereby to provide an indication of the roughness (or smoothness) of the surface.

Abstract: In treating effluent from an integrated paper mill having bleach plant effluent (including kraft mill effluent) and paper mill effluent (including effluent from a mechanical pulp mill) it has been found that if the two effluents are separately biologically treated and the recycled activated sludge directed to treatment of the bleach plant kraft mill effluent contains a significant portion of activated sludge derived from the treatment of the paper mill effluent that a significantly higher percentage of the absorbable organic halogens (AOX) can be removed from the bleach plant effluent.

Abstract: Cable machine control, particularly a grapple yarder is provided with an integrated control system whereby the operator is provided with controls each of which controls a desired operation or movement of the grapple. In particular the controls include a haul back and an in direction control, an up and down control and an opening and closing control some of which may be operated simultaneously with the speed of any operation or movement dependent on the maximum displacement of the control for any selected operation or movement.

Abstract: Consolidated composite wood products having modulus of elasticity (MOE) equivalent to a MOE of at least 2.3 mm psi at a wood content density of 35 lbs/cu.ft is formed by a laminate of wood elements formed by slicing (veneer or strands) substantially free from surface and internal damage such as checking, splitting, tension breaks, etc. These wood elements have a thickness in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 inches, a width greater than 0.25 inches and a length measured in the grain direction of at least 8 inches aligned in the composite product with their grain direction within 10.degree. of the longitudinal axis of the composite product.

Abstract: A sheet having substantially all of the qualities of liner board is formed solely from mechanical pulp using two different stocks to form discrete layers, one of the layers being preferably at least 50% coarse chemi-mechanical pulp and at least one surface layer being preferably of a chemi-mechanical fine pulp. Preferably the coarse layer will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Douglas Fir pulp and the fine pulp will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Western red cedar pulp.

Abstract: A system for controlling x, y and z directional movement of a point adjacent to the free end of an arm composed of a plurality of interconnected articulated arm segments mounted for movement relative to at least three axes and providing for individual, independent control of movement of the point in any selected one of the x, y or z directions by controllably relatively adjusting the relationships between the segments. The system is particularly suitable for use in equipment when the arm incorporates a boom and stick such as backhoes or the like.

Abstract: Substitute lumber pieces having strengths and densities substantially equivalent to lumber are cut from single layer panels of over about 1 and normally less than 4 inches thickness made from wood wafers. The wafers are oriented with their lengths having a mean deviation to the longitudinal length of the panel measured in the major plane of the panel in the range of 0 to 10 degrees and a mean deviation measured in a minimum longitudinal plane perpendicular to the major plane from 0 to about 5 degrees and have an average effective length of at least 8 inches (200 mm), and preferably an average thickness less than 0.15 inches (4 mm) and a width of at least 0.25 inches (6 mm). Lumber is made by cutting the panel longitudinally. Preferably the panels are formed to have a substantially uniform density profile throughout their thicknesses.