Abstract: Apparatus for creating scaled three-dimensional physical models of characteristics of microscopic objects, includes a transducer apparatus including a transducer for creating first electrical signals representative of the magnitude of a physical characteristic of the microscopic object at a selected point within a selected area thereof, the first electrical signals having a first component defining said selected point and a second component related to the magnitude of the physical characteristic, a material shaping apparatus configured to create a physical model in a workspace, the workspace having an area related to the selected area of the microscopic object by a first selected scale factor, the material shaping apparatus including apparatus responsive to second electrical signals representing x, y, and z co-ordinates in the workspace for directing the formation of the physical model; and control apparatus, connected to the transducer apparatus and the material shaping apparatus, for converting the first el