Abstract: In order to increase the efficiency of insoles or shoe inserts, it is proposed to start from a semi-finished product (100) having a foam material layer which has a plurality of integrally formed raised sections on the upper side. According to the invention, the raised sections (120) or at least one of the raised sections should comprise one central raised section and a raised section completely or partially surrounding said central raised section, thus forming a plurality of massage edges. The probability of stimulating the desired reflex zone is hereby increased.

Abstract: An insole or insertable sole (1), which encompasses at least one base insole layer (2), as well as an upper sole (13) attached thereabove is proposed. Preferably, provision is made between the upper sole (13) and the base insole layer (2) for a massage layer (10). According to the invention, the base insole layer (2) has a first functional zone (20), which in particular serves the purpose of shock absorption and a second functional zone (30), which serves the purpose of ventilation. Different measures are proposed for promoting the air circulation from the second functional zone to the foot through the different layers.