Abstract: An apparatus for the production of grains using the rolling layer technique. The apparatus has a container formed from multiple concentric sections, a truncated cone shaped lower section, a cylindrical shaped middle section, and, at least one cylindrical shaped upper section, and is supported for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the container. The lower section tapers outward from a lower end face plate to an upper end which communicates with the lower end of the middle section to form a transfer port between the lower and middle sections, while the upper end of the middle section communicates with the holed lower face of the upper section to form a transport port between the upper and the middle sections. An annular ridge-like structure exists on the interior surface of the lower face of the upper section, circumferentially surrounding the transfer port. The cross-sectional diameters and the heights of the sections vary relative to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the volume rate of flow of flowing fluids by means of a flow meter, called rotameter, in which a linear light source and a plurality of light sensing means are engaged along diametrically opposing generatrices of the transparent measuring tube of the rotameter, and the float in the measuring tube intercepts the light path so that the state of illumination of the light sensing means corresponds to the position of the float in the rotameter tube, and the outputs of the light sensing means are combined in a logical circuit to produce a signal combination representing said float position.

Abstract: An instrumental measuring method for determining the size-distribution of grained material is described in which the material is evenly distributed in a fluid then the fluid is let in rest state when the materials gets sedimenting, and during sedimentation the hydrostatic pressure is continuously measured in at least two height regions of the fluid preferably by appropriate pressure sensitive transistors and the difference of the measured hydrostatic pressures is characteristic of the size-distribution of the grained material on the basis of the well-known Stokes' relation.

Abstract: Process is provided for the creation of crystal aggregates in one part of a tank by heat transfer from a fluid disposed in another part of the tank and maintained by heating or by cooling at a different temperature than the part containing the crystal aggregates. Both of these parts are separated from each other by a flexible membrane which is pulsated by dynamic local pressure differentials caused by foaming or by fluidizing the heat transfer fluid.