Abstract: A valve for an internal combustion engine may include a ferrous body having a neck. At least one area of the neck may include a surface layer with a thickness of up to 300 ?m. The valve may also be provided with at least 17% solubilized metallic chromium, which may be obtained by an application of a surface melting treatment.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine may include a metallic cylinder body and an amorphous diamond-like hard carbon film disposed on an internal peripheral surface of the cylinder body. The amorphous diamond-like carbon film may include a roughness ranging from Rz 0.5 ?m to Rz 4.0 ?m.

Abstract: A sliding element for internal combustion engines may include a ferrous base provided with a film applied upon a sliding surface. The film may have, sequentially, a metal connecting layer, a transitional layer, and a contact layer. The transitional layer may include a carbide containing a metal element. The contact layer may contain DLC (diamond-like carbon) doped with the metal element of the transitional layer, the DLC containing a maximum of 2% hydrogen by weight. An atomic ratio between metal and carbon in the contact layer in terms of a ratio Me/C is equal to or less than 0.1.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine may include a substantially circular body composed of an aluminum containing base material defining a top portion having at least one cavity. At least one coating layer may be disposed on at least one area defined by at least one of the top portion and the at least one cavity. The at least one coating layer may include at least one chemical compound derived from a chemical reaction between the base material of the body and the at least one coating layer in response to friction generated by a dragging movement of a non-consumable rotary pin with the at least one coating layer.

Abstract: A single-piece oil control ring for a piston may include a body having at least one upper portion and at least one lower portion each facing towards a cylinder wall of an internal combustion engine. At least one of the upper portion and the lower portion may respectively define a first surface extending substantially perpendicular to the body and a receding second surface extending from the first surface substantially at an incline. The first surface may protrude towards the cylinder wall in relation to the second surface. The first surface may have a first area of contact with the cylinder wall, and at least 95% of the first area may contact the cylinder wall.

Abstract: A sliding component for an internal combustion engine may include a ferrous base having a peripheral sliding surface covered with a protective layer including at least one of a nitride applied via physical vapor deposition and a nitrided layer. The base may include a coating of carbon of a diamond-like carbon type. The coating may include at least one of (i) a transition layer including a composition of WC1-X and (ii) a layer of metallic chromium of crystalline structure disposed between the ferrous base and an outer layer of amorphous carbon. The coating may also include an intermediate layer of a nanocrystalline phase of carbides in a multilayer structure having a first sub-layer including a composition different than a second sub-layer disposed under the outer layer.

Abstract: A cylinder liner for an internal combustion engine may include a cast iron alloy having a pearlitic structure with at least 70% of graphitization with spheroidal graphite morphology. The cast iron alloy may include at least 2.8% to 4.0% in weight of carbon; 1.8% to 3.5% in weight of silicon; 0.2% to 1.0% in weight of manganese; a maximum of 0.5% in weight of phosphorus; a maximum of 0.05% in weight of sulfur; a maximum of 0.5% in weight of vanadium; a maximum of 0.5% in weight of molybdenum; 0.2% to 1.5% in weight of nickel; a maximum of 0.3% in weight of tin; 0.005% to 0.06% in weight of magnesium.

Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises a first and a second stage (E1,E2), each having an inlet and an outlet of water, the second stage (E2) having an inlet and an outlet of oil, the first stage (E1) being provided with fuel inlet and outlet nozzles, selectively connected, in parallel, to the fuel supply to the engine (M). The inlet and outlet of water of the first stage (E1) are respectively connected to the outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooling water circuit internal to the engine (M), and to the water inlet of the second stage (E2). The water outlet of the second stage (E2) is connected to the inlet of a water radiator, and the inlet and outlet of oil in the second stage (E2) are connected in series to a lubricant oil circuit internal to the engine (M).

Abstract: The present invention refers to a piston ring for internal combustion engine, having an outer surface of a coating of Chromium Nitride (CrN and Cr2N) and Niobium Nitride (NbN and Nb4N3), capable of offering greater resistance to peeling of the coating, also maintaining an excellent level of resistance to wear and tear and scratches to the layer of Chromium Nitride deposited.

Abstract: The heat exchanger (HE) has a first stage and a second stage (E1, E2) which are seated and affixed in a connecting block seated and affixed to the engine (M). The first stage (E1) is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle which are connected to the supply of fuel to the engine (M), and the connecting block defines: a return conduit, communicating an outlet of a cooling water circuit of the engine (M) with a water inlet in the first stage (E1); an interconnecting conduit communicating a water outlet of the first stage (E1) with a water inlet of the second stage (E2); an outlet conduit communicating a water outlet of the second stage (E2) with an inlet of a water radiator having an outlet; and two oil conduits, communicating a lubricant oil circuit of the engine (M) with the second stage (E2).

Abstract: The internal combustion engines (M) of the invention are provided with a cooling water circuit, associated with a water radiator and with a lubricant oil circuit. The heat exchanger (HE) comprises an inlet and an outlet of water connected, in series, to an outlet of the water radiator, by means of a cooled water conduit and of the cooling water circuit, and to an inlet of the water radiator, by means of a return conduit and a hot water conduit; a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle, selectively connected to the fuel supply to the engine (M); and an inlet and an outlet of lubricant oil, connected to the lubricant oil circuit by means of respective oil conduits.

Abstract: A cylinder sleeve for an aluminum engine block of an internal combustion engine may include a cylinder body for insert casting into the engine block. The cylinder body may be composed of a cast iron material and include a circumferential outer surface configured to face the engine block. A coating may be disposed via electrodeposition on the outer surface of the cylinder body. The coating may be composed of a nickel/phosphorous alloy and include a phosphorous content ranging from 1 percent to 70 percent.

Abstract: A bearing for an internal combustion engine may include a ferrous base material onto which a primary layer of a bronze alloy is disposed and a deposited layer applied over the primary layer. A bonding layer may be applied onto the primary layer between the primary layer and the deposited layer. The bonding layer may include nickel and chrome, and the deposited layer may include a metal alloy composed of aluminum and tin. A sliding layer may be disposed on the deposited layer and include a polymeric polyamide-imide matrix provided with a soft metal and at least one of a fluoropolymer and a silane-based material. The ferrous base material, the primary layer, the bonding layer, the deposited layer and the sliding layer in combination may be capable of standing a gripping load higher than 85 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an element (1) that works sliding, of an internal combustion engine and/or a compressor that undergoes friction and receives a coating of chrome nitride having an equiaxial morphology, with low porosity (lower than 1%) and with a crystallographic orientation predominantly (111), maintaining some reticulate in the orientation (200), so as to improve its resistance to wear and its toughness, prolonging the useful life of the element (1) that works sliding.

Abstract: The present invention has the objective of solving the problems encountered in coating engine components (engine blocks or sleeves, either fixed or movable) having at least one cylindrical cavity and composed mainly by iron or aluminum, providing them with a coating (3) that is subdivided into three different layers, which are deposited onto the metallic substrate (1), which are first sub-layer (21) comprising at least 80% silicon deposited onto the substrate (1) with the function of providing interface with good adhesion between the substrate (1) and the subsequent sub-layers, which contain hydrogenated amorphous carbon, second sub-layer (22) of transition comprising a percentage of silicon and of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:Si) and, finally, on the working surface, third sub-layer (23) having a pure composition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), wherein such coating (3) is generated by the hollow cathode effect (HCE) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).

Abstract: The present invention refers to a piston ring, particularly for use in the piston channel of an internal combustion engine or a compressor, comprising at least a substantially ring-shaped metallic base (2) having at least a first region (20), at least a second region (21) and at least a gap (22), the first region (20) being positioned in a way substantially opposite to the gap (22), the ring comprising at least a nitrided layer (3) in the second region (21) and comprising at least reduction of the nitrided layer (3) in the first region (20), whereas the reduced nitrided layer (3) is at least partially blocked in the first region (20) due to the previous application of an intermediate layer (4).

Abstract: There is described an oil control ring idealized for internal combustion engines and formed by a ferrous body less than 2.0 millimeters high, which comprises two external contact surfaces where each surface contains a first and a second end ridges, two slanted faces where each slanted face contains a third end, a peripheral cross section facing the cylinder wall and an internal circular section facing the side of the piston, where each contact surface has a height (h) between the first and the second end ridges of up to 0.15 millimeters and the angle of the slanted face is comprised between 8 and 12 degrees and also by the peripheral cross section is solid, without the presence of cracks, holes and/or other kinds of oil drainage areas. The ring permits an improved distribution of the contact pressure of the combination and, therefore, a better conformability of the ring with the cylinder wall.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine may include a substantially circular body composed of an aluminum containing base material defining a top portion having at least one cavity. At least one coating layer may be disposed on at least one area defined by at least one of the top portion and the at least one cavity. The at least one coating layer may include at least one chemical compound derived from a chemical reaction between the base material of the body and the at least one coating layer in response to friction generated by a dragging movement of a non-consumable rotary pin with the at least one coating layer.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine may include a metallic cylinder body and an amorphous diamond-like hard carbon film disposed on an internal peripheral surface of the cylinder body. The amorphous diamond-like carbon film may include a roughness ranging from Rz 0.5 ?m to Rz 4.0 ?m.