Abstract: Apparatus useful in preventing or reducing risks of transmitting an infectious disease, primarily AIDS, or genetic disorder, comprises identification means such as a personal card bearing identity particulars of a first participant and security feature(s) and a storage medium such as a certificate or data based, bearing legible or retreivable test result data concerning the particular defect. A second participant consults the result before permitting intimate contact or accepting a donation of blood, body tissue or similar material.