Abstract: An apparatus for taking photograph with monitoring system comprises a primary camera for taking an objective photograph, a monitor camera, and a half mirror disposed in front of the lens of the primary camera obliquely to its optical axis, the lens of the monitor camera and the lens of the primary camera being located at the symmetrical positions with respect to the half mirror, so that the monitor image without any parallax and timelag from the image on the objective photograph by the primary camera can be obtained by the monitor camera.

Abstract: A photographing number change-over device for a two lens camera having two photographing lenses equipped with shutters, respectively, is capable of photographing two pictures on a film. The photographing number change-over device comprises a driving member moving to two different positions alternately every time shutter charge is effected, a light cut-off plate rotatable about an axis substantially in parallel with optical axes of the photographing lenses, a regulating member engaging the light cut-off plate and detachably engaging the driving member for anchoring the light cut-off plate at either of first and second positions where the light cut-off plate shuts off either of the two photographing lenses and anchoring the light cut-off plate at a third position where the light cut-off plate shuts off neither of the two photographing lenses, and a change-over member for causing the regulating member and driving member to engage and disengage from each other.

Abstract: A method of driving a lens shutter of an interchangeable lens for a single-lens reflex camera comprises steps of charging the lens shutter, opening shutter blades of the lens shutter, closing the shutter blades and releasing the lens shutter by rotations of a reversible motor in one direction and a reverse direction. A device for driving a lens shutter of an interchangeable lens for a single-lens reflex camera comprises a driving a ring, a reversible motor for driving ring, position detecting unit for detecting rotated position and rotating directions of the driving ring, and control means for controlling rotations of the motor. The driving ring is driven in one direction during which the lens shutter is charged and shutter blades of the lens shutter are opened, while in a reverse direction during which the shutter blades are closed and the lens shutter is released. As an alternative, an operating ring is provided in addition to the driving ring.

Abstract: A photographing number change-over device is effectively used for a four lens camera capable of simultaneously photographing four pictures on a film. The device comprises a first sector for shutting off two photographing lenses symmetrically opposed with respect to a center axis of the film, a second for shutting off either one of two remaining photographing lenses, and a driving member rotatively driven in increments of 90.degree. by a motor through a reduction gear, a cam, a reciprocal moving member, a bell crank lever and an engaging pawl for driving the first and second sectors to positions where all the photographing lenses are not shut off.

Abstract: An illuminating device for slit lamp microscopes wherein rays reaching an objective through a slit from a light source are so made as to be able to be directed to a position deflected from the optical axis of the objective by displacing or replacing a part of elements forming an illuminating optical system, in order that the illuminating rays may be incident upon an eyeball diagonally from above or below.