Abstract: A navigation system to track positions of surgical components during surgery of a patient. The navigation system includes a power source to emit a tracking signal during surgery of the patient, a first sensor mounted to a movable region of the patient to respond to the emitted tracking signal, and a control unit to track a position of the movable region relative to a fixed region of the patient as the movable region moves with respect to the fixed region, based on the response of the first sensor. The system can calibrated and register a movable reference point of the patient relative to a fixed reference point, and can maintain that reference point when the movable reference point moves in space during a surgical process.

Abstract: A device for providing electromagnetic oscillations in the sub-millimeter range comprising one or more electron beam generators for providing a first and a second electron beam and one or more magnetic field generators for focusing the first and second electron beams. The device may comprise an oscillator comprising a slow wave circuit having a structure of an electrically non-conducting material with metallized surfaces adjacent the first electron beam and an amplifier comprising a slow wave circuit having a structure of an electrically non-conducting material with metallized surfaces adjacent the second electron beam and electrically connected to said oscillator. The oscillator and amplifier may be formed on a single substrate utilizing a single deposition process. The oscillator and amplifier may be contained in a single vacuum envelope.