Abstract: A method and system for dynamic combinatorial auctions employing bid composition restrictions is disclosed. Three exemplary types of bid composition restrictions, which may be applied either singly or in combination, are disclosed: non-additive activity restrictions, subset restrictions, and superset restrictions. These restrictions produce more efficient auction outcomes by placing extra constraints on bidders who specify larger combinations in their bids, thereby penalizing attempts at strategic bidding without ruling out genuine attempts to avoid an exposure problem.

Abstract: This invention relates to a targeting disk that lays flat on a billiards table and enables a player to more reliably aim and shoot a cue ball at a target ball. The disk has a hemispherical or half-moon shape that is twice as wide as it is long. The radius of the disk is about equal to the combined radii of the cue and target ball. An upper surface of the disk includes a targeting indicium for aiming the cue ball, an alignment pattern and notch for aligning the disk under the target ball, and a pointer for aiming the disk at an intended target such as a pocket or another ball on the table. The targeting indicium is located on an edge of the disk so that the cue ball can strike the target ball without rolling across the surface of the disk. The alignment notch is circular in shape and sized to provide a visual aid that compliments the alignment ring for aligning the targeting disk under the target ball.