Abstract: A manual hydraulic pump includes a cylinder block 10 and an end block 8. The rear end of the cylinder block 10 and the end block 8 defines an end space 21 between them. The cylinder block 10 has cylinders 13 and oil passages 23. Each oil passage 23 extends between the rear end of one of the cylinders 13 and the end space 21. The end block 8 has a pair of cylindrical holes 27 opening into the end space 21. The end block 8 also has a pair of inlet/outlet ports 25 each communicating with the outside of the pump and one of the cylindrical holes 27. A distributing valve 22 is put in the end space 21 and spring-biased into compressive contact with the rear end of the cylinder block 10. The distributing valve 22 substantially takes the form of a disc and has a thickness smaller than the distance between the adjacent ends of the blocks 10 and 8. The distributing valve 22 has a pair of arcuate ports 22a formed on its front side.

Abstract: A hydraulic steering apparatus 1 has a substantially bow-shaped frame 2, which includes a pair of end portions 2a bent forward. A piston rod 3 is supported by and between the end portions 2a. A hydraulic cylinder 5 is supported by the piston rod 3 slidably along it. The frame 2 also includes a middle portion 2A, which has bolt holes 2B cut through it. Bolts 11 extend through the bolt holes 2B and engage with the front end of the swivel bracket 41 of an outboard engine 40 to fix the frame 2 to the bracket. The cylinder 5 is linked to the front end of the steering lever 46 of the engine 40 by a steering link 7.

Abstract: A tilt tube 21 extends along a horizontal tilt axis B. A steering hydraulic cylinder 8 slides along a piston rod 7, which extends in parallel with the tilt axis B. An eccentric link shaft 6 is positioned between the tilt tube 21 and piston rod 7 and extends in parallel with the tilt axis B. A pair of linking means 4 supports the tilt tube 21, link shaft 6 and piston rod 7. The distance L0 between the tilt tube 21 and piston rod 7 is shorter than the sum of the distance L1 between the tilt tube 21 and the link shaft 6 and the distance L2 between the link shaft 6 and the piston rod 7.

Abstract: A helm pump (10) rotated either in forward or reverse direction by operating a steering wheel (13) and discharges a liquid of a quantity proportional to the rotating angle, and a double action cylinder moves a rudder (27) and is provided on rudder (27) side of the ship, helm pump (10) and the double action cylinder being connected with the hydraulic circuit of fully closed construction, to move the rudder (27) by an amount corresponding to the amount of liquid discharged from the helm pump (10). A second pump generates discharging pressure in the same direction as the discharging direction from helm pump (10) against resistive pressure generated by the rotation of helm pump (10) due to the operation of steering wheel (13) is installed in series in part of the fully closed hydraulic circuit, so the steering resistance of steering wheel (13) is automatically reduced by the action of the second pump.