Abstract: Compositions and methods related to straining defect doped materials as well as their methods of use in electrical circuits are generally described.

Abstract: Knit textile structures are formed of a yarn made of composite fibers, which is an active material within the knit structure that transforms in response to a change in temperature. In combination with non-active fibers and performative knit structure, this contraction can enable changes in the fabric that are adaptive to changes in environmental conditions during wear.

Abstract: Disclosed here is a generally applicable framework that utilizes massively-parallel single-cell RNA-seq to compare cell types/states found in vivo to those of in vitro models. Furthermore, Applicants leverage identified discrepancies to improve model fidelity. Applicants uncover fundamental gene expression differences in lineage-defining genes between in vivo systems and in vitro systems. Using this information, molecular interventions are identified for rationally improving the physiological fidelity of the in vitro system. Applicants demonstrated functional (antimicrobial activity, niche support) improvements in Paneth cell physiology using the methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genomic informatics and gene-expression profiling. Gene-expression profiles provide complex molecular fingerprints regarding the relative state of a cell or tissue. Similarities in gene-expression profiles between organic states provide molecular taxonomies, classification, and diagnostics. Similarities in gene-expression profiles resulting from various external perturbations reveal functional similarities between these perturbagens, of value in pathway and mechanism-of-action elucidation. Similarities in gene-expression profiles between organic and induced states may identify clinically-effective therapies. Systems and methods herein provide for the measurement of relative gene abundances, including unbiased selection of and construction of probes and targets designed and methods for using known properties of sparsity of measurements to reach gene abundances.

Abstract: Preparation of phosphorus fine chemicals from phosphate sources is described.

Abstract: A physiological feature of a subject is monitored by implanting a plurality of targets, such as magnets, and detecting at least one change in a physical property of the targets, followed by modifying a physiological feature of the subject in response to a change of state detected by the change in physical property detected in the targets. Cutaneous sensory feedback and proprioceptive feedback in a subject, as well as selective stimulation of axons or nerve fascicles of a neuron of a subject are provided.

Abstract: Fabry-Pérot filters having different cavity thicknesses are formed in arrays on a substrate for spectral sensing. The filter array can be coupled to a detector array to make a compact, low size, weight and power spectral sensor that detects spectral information in a scene viewed by the detector array. The spectral sensor can be used in a compact spectrometer to detect the presence of harmful chemical vapors.

Abstract: Compositions configured to interact with organic molecules, and related articles and methods, are generally described.

Abstract: Devices and methods for fabrication of a multiscale porous high-temperature heat exchanger for high-temperature and high-pressure applications are disclosed. The heat exchanger can include a core with macrochannels formed in a checkerboard pattern to facilitate alternative flow of working fluid having hot and cold temperatures between adjacent macrochannels. Each macrochannel can include a two-dimensional microchannel array that further distributes flow throughout the heat exchanger to enhance heat transfer and mechanical strength without significant pressure drop penalty. The heat exchanger can further include a header integrated therewith to distribute working fluid flowing through the heat exchanger through the outlets such that it flows evenly therethrough. Methods of fabricating heat exchangers of this nature are also disclosed.

Abstract: The systems, devices, and methods presented herein use a heart pump to obtain measurements of cardiovascular function. The heart pumps described herein can operate in parallel with and unload the heart. The system can quantify the functioning of the native heart by measuring certain parameters/signals such as pressure or motor current, then calculate and display one or more metrics of cardiovascular function. These metrics, such as left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular pressure, and contractility, provide valuable information to a user regarding a patient's state of heart function and recovery.

Abstract: An optical modulator is disclosed that includes an optical resonator structure. The optical resonator structure includes at least one non-linear portion, the at least one non-linear portion comprising at least one radial junction region. The at least one radial junction region is formed between at least first and second materials, respectively, having different electronic conductivity characteristics. A principal axis of the at least one radial junction region is oriented along a radius of curvature of the at least one non-linear portion. The optical modulator includes an optical waveguide that is coupled to the at least one non-linear portion of the optical resonator structure.

Abstract: Polymers comprising fluorinated side chains that can be used for water resistance coatings on substrates and are deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition are generally described.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide a general, scalable, high-throughput, and high-resolution approach for experimental dissection of regulatory regions and driver nucleotides in the context of human biology and disease. Applicants present HiDRA, a novel high-resolution global screen for transcriptional regulatory activity in accessible chromatin regions, enabling high-efficiency, high-throughput, and high-resolution inference of regulatory activity.

Abstract: A hybrid cathode for a Li—S battery may include an intercalation-type material and a conversion-type material. The conversion-type material, such as sulfur, may increase the gravimetric energy density, Eg, of the battery. The intercalation-type material may increase the electrical and ionic conductivity of the cathode and contribute to the capacity of the battery, enabling replacement of partial high-surface-area conductive carbon and increasing the volumetric energy density, Ev. In combination, the conversion-type material and the intercalation-type material may be used to increase Eg and Ev simultaneously while providing sufficient rate capability. In one example, a hybrid cathode includes an electrode and a cathode material. The cathode material includes a first concentration of an intercalation compound, a second concentration of sulfur, and a third concentration of carbon. Furthermore, the intercalation compound and sulfur contribute to the capacity of the Li—S battery within a voltage window of 1.

Abstract: The disclosure features compositions and methods for ameliorating cognitive impairments associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those associated with anterodorsal (AD) thalamus hyperexcitability in the brain of a subject. Various embodiments of the disclosure provide for personalized and targeted therapeutic approaches for screening, diagnosing, preventing, and treating cognitive impairments and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having an electric field management layer. The electric field management layer comprises a material with a relatively high dielectric constant that minimizes the risk of an electric field within the semiconductor device breaking down and damaging the semiconductor device.

Abstract: Methods for identifying patients susceptible to treatment with checkpoint inhibitors are provided herein. Also provided are reagents for analyzing T cell responses for understanding resistance to checkpoint inhibitor therapy and understanding therapeutics for overcoming that resistance. Therapeutic strategies, for instance, for treating cancer, are also provided.

Abstract: A thermal energy storage system includes a firebrick checkerwork and an electrode. The firebrick checkerwork includes one or more conductive firebrick layers, each including a plurality of electrically conductive doped metal oxide firebricks with one or more airflow vents. The electrode includes one or more electrode firebrick layers, each layer including a plurality of electrode firebricks. The firebrick checkerwork is heated due to application of electrical power to the electrode. Air flowing through the firebrick checkerwork may then be heated for use in heat-related applications (e.g., an industrial application, commercial application, residential application, transportation application, etc.) some of which may relate to electricity production or in other applications which may relate to other purposes that require heat that are unrelated to electricity production.

Abstract: A method of generating uniform large-scale optical focus arrays (LOT As) with a phase spatial light modulator (SLM) includes identifying and removing undesired phase rotation in the iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA), thereby producing computer-generated holograms of highly uniform LOT As using a reduced number of iterations as compared to a weighted Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. The method also enables a faster compensation of optical system-induced LOT A intensity inhomogeneity than the conventional IFTA.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and constructs for engineering circular RNA Disclosed is a vector for making circular RNA, said vector comprising the following elements operably connected to each other and arranged in the following sequence: a) a 5? homology arm, b) a 3? group I intron fragment containing a 3? splice site dinucleotide, c) an optional 5? spacer sequence, d) a protein coding or noncoding region, e) an optional 3? spacer sequence, f) a 5? Group I intron fragment containing a 5? splice site dinucleotide, and g) a 3? homology arm. This vector allows production of a circular RNA that is translatable or biologically active inside eukaryotic cells. In one embodiment, the vector can comprise the 5? spacer sequence, but not the 3? spacer sequence. In yet another embodiment, the vector can also comprise the 3? spacer sequence, but not the 5? spacer sequence.