Abstract: The invention provides for delivery, engineering and optimization of systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are delivery systems and tissues or organ which are targeted as sites for delivery. Also provided are vectors and vector systems some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in eukaryotic cells to ensure enhanced specificity for target recognition and avoidance of toxicity and to edit or modify a target site in a genomic locus of interest to alter or improve the status of a disease or a condition.

Abstract: Use of high frequency waves, such a millimeter waves, in many circumstances is prevented due to their inability to diffract around common obstacles. Disclosed herein is a system and method for transforming an incident high frequency wave. The system includes meta-atom pairs that define a surface. The meta-atom pairs generate an electro-magnetic response by interacting with an incident wave. This electro-magnetic response can be modulated by applying voltage to the meta-atom pairs. The electro-magnetic response transforms the incident wave into an emitted wave based on its controlled properties. The system and method are able to, by changing the voltage applied, steer the emitted wave a full 360 degrees as wells as transmit it through the surface without significant power loss. Embodiments enable the transmission through or around many obstacles that would normally interfere with high frequency waves.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclose a practical implementation of optimal modulation (OM) for the Complex Additive White Gaussian Noise (CAWGN) channel. At the sender, we map from uniform distributions of data to non-uniform distributions of points in constellations by using a technique inspired by Huffman codes. We replace Gray codes with a bit mapping suited to our constellations, where different points may map to string of bits of different lengths. At the receiver, we perform distribution-aware detection. The differing lengths of bits for modulation points can used as a simple checking mechanism that, when combined with guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND), yields bit-error-rate (BER) advantages.

Abstract: Amino acid protecting groups are provided for use in peptide synthesis. Particular compounds disclosed include 5,6-dimethoxy-1,1-dioxobenzo[b]thiophi methyloxycarbonyl (DM-Bsmoc) and related amino-protecting groups.

Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, materials having a modified surface to increase hydrophobicity and methods of making the same are disclosed. In accordance with one or more aspects, a method of enhancing a surface of a substrate may comprise bonding silane monomers onto the surface of the substrate, and polymerizing the silane monomers to form surface-attached hydrophobic particles comprising silane polymers.