Abstract: A metal treatment vessel having an inlet for the successive introduction of reactive additive and molten metal to be treated, a reaction chamber downstream of the flow of molten metal for successive receipt of the additive and the molten metal and an outlet downstream of the flow of metal in the reaction chamber; the inlet being provided with means for directing the additive and molten metal into the reaction chamber, the dimensions of the inlet to the reaction chamber and the outlet therefrom being such that in operation the molten metal rises in an overhead space provided in the reaction chamber to cover the additive and to seal off the inlet.Retaining means may be provided within the reaction chamber to retain the additive against the flow of molten metal. The inlet at the point of entry into the chamber is preferably at an angle to the vertical whereby the additive and molten metal are deflected into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of molten metal with a reactive additive.The apparatus comprises a pouring cup having an outlet for introduction of both reactive additive and molten metal into a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber communicates via a channel, preferably of restricted cross-sectional area, with an expansion chamber provided with an outlet for the molten metal. The expansion chamber outlet has a smaller cross-sectional area than the pouring cup outlet thereby ensuring that the reaction chamber is sufficiently filled to cover any reactive additive during a pouring treatment. The apparatus permits a series of pourings to be effected without disassembly of the apparatus to introduce more reactive additive.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the treatment of molten metal by introduction of a reactive additive and particularly to the treatment of molten iron by introduction of a nodularizer. The molten metal is introduced into a reaction chamber through one or more slots formed in one or more sides of the chamber thereby producing a cascade of molten metal which flows downwardly into the chamber. The reactive additive is added above the cascade and is rapidly drawn under the molten metal by the flow of the cascade.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the production of modular graphite cast iron using a mould comprising a pouring bush, downsprue, gating and risering system, mould cavity and an intermediate chamber having a base and retaining walls positioned in the path of molten metal entering the mould and adapted to contain a nodularizing agent wherein the surface area of the base A = (l/k) (W.sub.T /T) (N.sub.nod /W.sub.T)where:l/k = constantW.sub.T /T = pouring rate of the metalN.sub.nod /W.sub.T = concentration of nodularizing agent in the molten metals.