Abstract: The present invention provides a new source of information, linguistic models, to improve the accuracy of mathematical recognition. Specifically, the present invention is an extension of linguistic methods to the mathematical domain thereby providing recognition of the artificial language of mathematics in a way analogous to natural language recognition. Parse trees are the basic units of the mathematical language, and a linguistic model for mathematics is a method for assigning a linguistic score to each parse tree. The models are generally created by taking a large body of known text and counting the occurrence of various linguistic events such as word bigrams in that body. The raw counts are modified by smoothing and other algorithms before taking their place as probabilities in the model.

Abstract: Software components such as objects, applications and computational blocks are linked through a data flow manager and an interface that facilitate data exchange between the components. The interface defines a communication protocol. Components that comply with the protocol can share data, even if such components are associated with unrelated applications. Non-compliant components can be paired with translation objects or controlled by scripts to allow such non-compliant components to be linked to compliant components for data sharing. The data flow manager controls data exchange by determining which components are prepared to share data, and then prompting only prepared components to share data. Data exchange is executed in discrete steps.